eu-charter

Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE

Artigo 18.o - Direito de asilo

Artigo 18.o - Direito de asilo

É garantido o direito de asilo, no quadro da Convenção de Genebra de 28 de Julho de 1951 e do Protocolo de 31 de Janeiro de 1967, relativos ao Estatuto dos Refugiados, e nos termos do Tratado da União Europeia e do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia (a seguir designados "Tratados").

Anotações

  • Text:

    O texto deste artigo baseou-se no artigo 63.o do Tratado CE, agora substituído pelo artigo 78.o do Tratado sobre o Funcionamento da União Europeia, que impõe à União o respeito pela Convenção de Genebra sobre os Refugiados. Convém que nos reportemos às disposições dos Protocolos relativos à posição do Reino Unido e da Irlanda bem como da Dinamarca, anexos aos Tratados, para determinar em que medida estes Estados-Membros dão cumprimento ao direito da União nesta matéria e em que medida lhes é aplicável o presente artigo. O presente artigo respeita o Protocolo relativo ao direito de asilo anexo aos Tratados.

    Source:
    Jornal Oficial da União Europeia C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
    Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
    As presentes anotações, inicialmente elaboradas sob a responsabilidade do Praesidium da Convenção que redigiu a Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia, foram actualizadas sob a responsabilidade do Praesidium da Convenção Europeia, à luz das adaptações ao texto (nomeadamente aos artigos 51.o e 52.o) da Carta introduzidas pela Convenção Europeia e da evolução do direito da União. Embora não tenham em si força de lei, constituem um valioso instrumento de interpretação destinado a clarificar as disposições da Carta.

Jurisprudência

Direitos constitucionais nacionais

27 results found

  • Slovakia / Constitution of the Slovak Republic
    País:
    Slovakia

    Article 53 The Slovak Republic grants asylum to foreign nationals persecuted for upholding political rights and freedoms. Asylum may be denied to those who acted in violation of basic human rights and freedoms. Details shall be laid down by law.

  • Slovenia / Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
    País:
    Slovenia

    Article 48 Within the limits of the law, the right of asylum shall be recognised for foreign nationals and stateless persons who are subject to persecution for their commitment to human rights and fundamental freedoms.

  • Spain / Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain
    País:
    Spain

    Section 13 (1) Aliens in Spain shall enjoy the public freedoms guaranteed by the present Part, under the terms to be laid down by treaties and the law. (2) Only Spaniards shall have the rights recognized in section 23, except in cases which may be established by treaty or by law concerning the right to vote and the right to be elected in municipal elections, and subject to the principle of reciprocity. (This text includes the first constitutional reform adopted on 27/08/1992; it just added the words "and the right to be elected" to the paragraph). (3) Extradition shall be granted only in compliance with a treaty or with the law, on reciprocal basis. No extradition can be granted for political crimes; but acts of terrorism shall not be regarded as such. (4) The law shall lay down the terms under which citizens from other countries and stateless persons may enjoy the right to asylum in Spain.

  • Suomen perustuslaki
    País:
    Finland

    9 § Liikkumisvapaus Suomen kansalaisella ja maassa laillisesti oleskelevalla ulkomaalaisella on vapaus liikkua maassa ja valita asuinpaikkansa. Jokaisella on oikeus lähteä maasta. Tähän oikeuteen voidaan lailla säätää välttämättömiä rajoituksia oikeudenkäynnin tai rangaistuksen täytäntöönpanon varmistamiseksi taikka maanpuolustusvelvollisuuden täyttämisen turvaamiseksi. Suomen kansalaista ei saa estää saapumasta maahan, karkottaa maasta eikä vastoin tahtoaan luovuttaa tai siirtää toiseen maahan. Lailla voidaan kuitenkin säätää, että Suomen kansalainen voidaan rikoksen johdosta tai oikeudenkäyntiä varten taikka lapsen huoltoa tai hoitoa koskevan päätöksen täytäntöönpanemiseksi luovuttaa tai siirtää maahan, jossa hänen ihmisoikeutensa ja oikeusturvansa on taattu. Ulkomaalaisen oikeudesta tulla Suomeen ja oleskella maassa säädetään lailla. Ulkomaalaista ei saa karkottaa, luovuttaa tai palauttaa, jos häntä tämän vuoksi uhkaa kuolemanrangaistus, kidutus tai muu ihmisarvoa loukkaava kohtelu. 

  • The Fundamental Law of Hungary
    País:
    Hungary

    Article XIV (Freedom and Responsibility) [...] (3) Hungary shall, upon request, grant the right to asylum to non-Hungarian citizens being persecuted or
    having a well-founded fear of persecution in their native country or in the country of their
    habitual residence for reasons of race, nationality, membership of a particular social group, religious, political belief, if they do not receive protection from their country of origin or from any other country.

  • Ustav Republike Hrvatske
    País:
    Croatia

    Članak 33.
    Strani državljanin i osobe bez državljanstva mogu dobiti utočište u Republici Hrvatskoj, osim ako su progonjeni za nepolitičke zločine i djelatnosti oprečne temeljnim načelima međunarodnog prava.
    Stranac koji se zakonito nalazi na teritoriju Republike Hrvatske ne može biti protjeran ni izručen drugoj državi, osim kad se mora izvršiti odluka donesena u skladu s međunarodnim ugovorom i zakonom.

  • КОНСТИТУЦИЯ на Република България
    País:
    Bulgaria

    Чл. 26. [...] (2) Чужденците, които пребивават в Република България, имат всички права и задължения по тази Конституция с изключение на правата и задълженията, за които Конституцията и законите изискват българско гражданство. Чл. 27. (1) Чужденците, които пребивават в страната на законно основание, не могат да бъдат изгонвани от нея или предавани на друга държава против тяхната воля, освен при условията и по реда, определени със закон. (2) Република България дава убежище на чужденци, преследвани заради техните убеждения или дейност в защита на международно признати права и свободи. (3) Условията и редът за даване на убежище се уреждат със закон.

Direito da UE

14 results found

  • Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

    Article 78 (ex Articles 63, points 1 and 2, and 64(2) TEC)

    1. The Union shall develop a common policy on asylum, subsidiary protection and temporary protection with a view to offering appropriate status to any third-country national requiring international protection and ensuring compliance with the principle of non-refoulement. This policy must be in accordance with the Geneva Convention of 28 July 1951 and the Protocol of 31 January 1967 relating to the status of refugees, and other relevant treaties.

    2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures for a common European asylum system comprising:

    (a) a uniform status of asylum for nationals of third countries, valid throughout the Union;

    (b) a uniform status of subsidiary protection for nationals of third countries who, without obtaining European asylum, are in need of international protection;

    (c) a common system of temporary protection for displaced persons in the event of a massive inflow;

    (d) common procedures for the granting and withdrawing of uniform asylum or subsidiary protection status;

    (e) criteria and mechanisms for determining which Member State is responsible for considering an application for asylum or subsidiary protection;

    (f) standards concerning the conditions for the reception of applicants for asylum or subsidiary protection;

    (g) partnership and cooperation with third countries for the purpose of managing inflows of people applying for asylum or subsidiary or temporary protection.

    3. In the event of one or more Member States being confronted by an emergency situation characterised by a sudden inflow of nationals of third countries, the Council, on a proposal from the Commission, may adopt provisional measures for the benefit of the Member State(s) concerned. It shall act after consulting the European Parliament.

  • Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052/2013 and (EU) 2016/1624

    Article 1

    Subject matter

    This Regulation establishes a European Border and Coast Guard to ensure European integrated border management at the external borders with a view to managing those borders efficiently in full compliance with fundamental rights and to increasing the efficiency of the Union return policy. This Regulation addresses migratory challenges and potential future challenges and threats at the external borders. It ensures a high level of internal security within the Union in full respect of fundamental rights, while safeguarding the free movement of persons within the Union. It contributes to the detection, prevention and combating of cross-border crime at the external borders.

  • Regulation (EU) 2019/1896 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 13 November 2019 on the European Border and Coast Guard and repealing Regulations (EU) No 1052/2013 and (EU) 2016/1624

    Preamble

    (103) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 TEU and by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (‘the Charter’), in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right of access to documents, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, non-refoulement, non-discrimination and the rights of the child.

    Article 1: Subject matter

    This Regulation establishes a European Border and Coast Guard to ensure European integrated border management at the external borders with a view to managing those borders efficiently in full compliance with fundamental rights and to increasing the efficiency of the Union return policy.

    This Regulation addresses migratory challenges and potential future challenges and threats at the external borders. It ensures a high level of internal security within the Union in full respect of fundamental rights, while safeguarding the free movement of persons within the Union. It contributes to the detection, prevention and combating of cross-border crime at the external borders.

    Article 43: Instructions to the teams

    4.   Members of the teams shall, in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of their powers, fully respect fundamental rights, including access to asylum procedures and human dignity, and shall pay particular attention to vulnerable persons. Any measures taken in the performance of their tasks and in the exercise of their powers shall be proportionate to the objectives pursued by such measures. While performing their tasks and exercising their powers, they shall not discriminate against persons on the basis of any grounds such as sex, race, colour, ethnic or social origin, genetic features, language, religion or belief, political or any other opinion, membership of a national minority, property, birth, disability, age or sexual orientation in line with Article 21 of the Charter.

  • Directive 2013/33/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 laying down standards for the reception of applicants for international protection

Direito internacional

5 results found

Produtos

  • Report / Paper / Summary
    10
    November
    2014
    Together with two FRA sister reports on the
    EU’s air and southern sea borders, this report’s findings serve to inform EU and Member State practitioners and
    policy makers of fundamental rights challenges that can emerge at land borders. Increased awareness should
    also help to create a shared understanding among border guards of what fundamental obligations mean for
    their daily work, ultimately enhancing fundamental rights compliance at the EU’s external borders.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    10
    November
    2014
    The report examines the procedures for and conduct of checks that border guards carry out on third-country national passengers entering European Union (EU) territory at five international airports.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    27
    October
    2014
    This summary, and the related full report, look at how fundamental rights obligations
    translate into practical border management tasks.
    The report points out challenges as well as promising practices of integrating fundamental
    rights compliance into operational tasks that do not compromise but instead enhance the
    effectiveness of border checks.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    30
    June
    2014
    This handbook aims to strengthen the protection of children, specifically addressing the particular needs of child victims of trafficking.
  • Handbook / Guide / Manual
    27
    June
    2014
    A Convenção Europeia dos Direitos do Homem (CEDH) e o direito da União Europeia (UE) proporcionam um enquadramento cada vez mais importante para a proteção dos direitos dos estrangeiros. A legislação da UE em matéria de asilo, fronteiras e imigração está a evoluir rapidamente.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    6
    August
    2013
    This FRA report examines the conditions at Europe’s southern sea borders with respect to the most fundamental rights of a person, the right to life and the right not to be sent back to torture, persecution or inhuman treatment. It looks at sea border surveillance and disembarkation procedures, as well as general issues such as European Union (EU) policy, training and Frontex-coordinated operations, and examines practices across the EU Member States researched – Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    August
    2013
    The majority of irregular arrivals by sea to the European Union (EU) occur in the Mediterranean. Although the phenomenon is not widespread throughout the EU, it affects the EU as a whole. This publication reviews the solidarity measures the EU has established to support those countries most affected by irregular arrivals by sea. It will focus on the fundamental rights challenges raised by such measures but will not discuss whether these measures are sufficient and adequate for genuinely sharing the costs associated with the arrivals. This publication will also touch upon EU funding instruments and intra-EU relocation from Malta and more thoroughly describe the operational cooperation with Frontex.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    27
    March
    2013
    This FRA report examines the conditions at Europe’s southern sea borders with respect to the most fundamental rights of a person, the right to life and the right not to be sent back to torture, persecution or inhuman treatment. It looks at sea border surveillance and disembarkation procedures, as well as training and Frontex-coordinated operations. It examines practices across the EU Member States researched – Cyprus, Greece, Italy, Malta and Spain.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    8
    December
    2011
    The European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights held its annual Fundamental Rights Conference 'Dignity and rights of irregular migrants' in Warsaw on 21-22 November 2011. This paper summarises the discussions that took place during the conference and presents follow-up activities to be undertaken by FRA.
  • Report / Paper / Summary
    25
    October
    2011
    This report is the second publication from the legal study carried out in the context of the European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights' (FRA) project on the ‘Fundamental rights of persons with intellectual disabilities and persons with mental health problems'.