eu-charter

Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību harta

24. pants - Bērnu tiesības

24. pants - Bērnu tiesības

1. Bērniem ir tiesības uz viņu labklājībai nepieciešamo aizsardzību un gādību. Viņi drīkst brīvi paust savu viedokli. Šis viedoklis atbilstīgi bērnu vecumam un briedumam jāņem vērā jautājumos, kas skar bērnu intereses.
2. Visās darbībās, kas attiecas uz bērniem, neatkarīgi no tā, vai tās veic valsts iestādes vai privātas iestādes, pirmkārt jāņem vērā bērna intereses.
3. Katram bērnam ir tiesības regulāri uzturēt personiskas attiecības un tiešus sakarus ar abiem vecākiem, izņemot gadījumus, kad tas ir pretrunā viņa interesēm.

    • Text:

      Šis pants ir balstīts uz Ņujorkā 1989. gada 20. novembrī pieņemto Bērnu tiesību konvenciju, ko ratificējušas visas dalībvalstis, jo īpaši uz tās 3., 9., 12. un 13. pantu.

      Panta 3. punktā ņem vērā to, ka brīvības, drošības un tiesiskuma telpu veido arī Savienības tiesību akti civillietās, kurām ir pārrobežu ietekme un kurās Savienības kompetenci nosaka Līguma par Eiropas Savienības darbību 81. pants, un šie tiesību akti var paredzēt tikšanās tiesības, kas nodrošina to, ka bērni var regulāri uzturēt personisku un tiešu kontaktu ar abiem vecākiem.

      Source:
      Eiropas Savienības Oficiālais Vēstnesis C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      Šie paskaidrojumi ir sagatavoti Eiropas Savienības Pamattiesību hartu izstrādājušā Konventa prezidija vadībā. Tie ir atjaunināti Eiropas Konventa prezidija vadībā, ņemot vērā Konventa izdarītos Hartas teksta (jo īpaši 51. un 52. panta) precizējumus un Savienības tiesību turpmāku attīstību. Kaut arī šiem paskaidrojumiem nav juridiska spēka, tie ir vērtīgi interpretācijas līdzekļi, kas paredzēti Hartas noteikumu izskaidrošanai.
    • CR and Others v Landeshauptmann von Wien
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2024:96
    • Criminal proceedings against GN (interested party: Procuratore generale presso la Corte d’appello di Bologna)
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2023:1017
    • Attorney-General against the decision in case 200.262.303/01 of the Court of Appeal ’s-Hertogenbosch on 20 January 2022, in the interest of the interpretation of the law
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Supreme Court
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:NL:HR:2023:1459
    • Ms Martina Sara v. NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF SOCIAL SECURITY AND GENERAL TREASURY OF SOCIAL SECURITY
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Superior Court of Justice (Social Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:ES:TSJM:2023:972
    • Plaintiff: Private company providing sports training and career support services Defendant: a sportsman (who was a minor at the time of the events in the case) and his parents
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Supreme Court, Department of Civil Cases
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:LV:AT:2023:0607.C68353420.28.L
    • X and Others v État belge
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Third Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Asylum and migration
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2023:296
    • N.Z.G. vs the Director of the Metropolitan Home for Joyful Rites of Sofia Municipality (Столичен дом за радостни обреди към Столична община)
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Administrative Court – Sofia City
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
    • The appellant (A) and his spouse and child v the Finnish Immigration Service
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      National Court/Tribunal
      Deciding body:
      Supreme Administrative Court
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:FI:KHO:2022:121
    • V.М.А. v Stolichna obshtina, rayon „Pancharevo“
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Grand Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2021:1008
    • LW v Bundesrepublik Deutschland
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Grand Chamber)
      Type:
      Decision
      Policy area:
      Asylum and migration
      ECLI (European case law identifier):
      ECLI:EU:C:2021:898

    55 results found

    • Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
      Valsts:
      Lithuania

      Article 26 (...) Parents and guardians shall, without restrictions, take care of the religious and moral education of their children and wards according to their own convictions.Article 38The family shall be the basis of society and the State.Family, motherhood, fatherhood and childhood shall be under the protection and care of the State.(...) The right and duty of parents is to bring up their children to be honest people and faithful citizens and to support them until they come of age.The duty of children is to respect their parents, to take care of them in their old age, and to cherish their heritage.Article 39 (...) Minors shall be protected by law.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Lithuania
      Valsts:
      Lithuania

      Article 26. Parents and guardians shall, without restrictions, take care of the religious and moral education of their children and wards according to their own convictions. Article 38. The family shall be the basis of society and the State. Family, motherhood, fatherhood, and childhood shall be under the protection and care of the State. The right and duty of parents shall be to bring up their children to be honest people and faithful citizens, and to support them until they reach the age of majority. The duty of children shall be to respect their parents, to take care of them in their old age, and to preserve their heritage. Article 39. Under-age children shall be protected by law.

    • Lietuvos Respublikos Konstitucija
      Valsts:
      Lithuania

      26 straipsnis. Tėvai ir globėjai nevaržomi rūpinasi vaikų ir globotinių religiniu ir doroviniu auklėjimu pagal savo įsitikinimus. 38 straipsnis. Šeima yra visuomenės ir valstybės pagrindas. Valstybė saugo ir globoja šeimą, motinystę, tėvystę ir vaikystę. Tėvų teisė ir pareiga - auklėti savo vaikus dorais žmonėmis ir ištikimais piliečiais, iki pilnametystės juos išlaikyti. Vaikų pareiga - gerbti tėvus, globoti juos senatvėje ir tausoti jų palikimą. 39 straipsnis. Nepilnamečius vaikus gina įstatymas.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Latvia
      Valsts:
      Latvia

      110. The State shall protect and support marriage – a union between a man and a woman, the family, the rights of parents and rights of the child. The State shall provide special support to disabled children, children left without parental care or who have suffered from violence.

    • Latvijas Republikas Satversme
      Valsts:
      Latvia

      110. Valsts aizsargā un atbalsta laulību — savienību starp vīrieti un sievieti, ģimeni, vecāku un bērna tiesības. Valsts īpaši palīdz bērniem invalīdiem, bērniem, kas palikuši bez vecāku gādības vai cietuši no varmācības.

    • Constitution of the Italian Republic
      Valsts:
      Italy

      Art. 30. It is the duty and right of parents to support, raise and educate their children, even if born out of wedlock. In the case of incapacity of the parents, the law provides for the fulfilment of their duties. The law ensures such legal and social protection measures as are compatible with the rights of the members of the legitimate family to any children born out of wedlock. The law shall establish rules and constraints for the determination of paternity. Art. 31. (...) The Republic protects mothers, children and the young by adopting necessary provisions. Art. 34. Schools are open to everyone. Primary education, given for at least eight years, is compulsory and free of
      tuition. Capable and deserving pupils, including those lacking financial resources, have the right to attain the highest levels of education. The Republic renders this right effective through scholarships, allowances to families and other benefits, which shall be assigned through competitive examinations.

    • Costituzione della Repubblica Italiana
      Valsts:
      Italy

      Art. 30. E' dovere e diritto dei genitori, mantenere, istruire ed educare i figli, anche se nati fuori del matrimonio.Nei casi di incapacità dei genitori, la legge provvede a che siano assolti i loro compiti.La legge assicura ai figli nati fuori dal matrimonio ogni tutela giuridica e sociale, compatibile con i diritti dei membri della famiglia legittima.La legge detta le norme e i limiti per la ricerca della paternità. Art. 31 La Repubblica (...) Protegge la maternità e l'infanzia e la gioventù, favorendo gli istituti necessari a tale scopo. Art. 34. La scuola è aperta a tutti. L'istruzione inferiore, impartita per almeno otto anni, è obbligatoria e gratuita.I capaci e meritevoli, anche se privi di mezzi, hanno diritto di raggiungere i gradi più alti degli studi. La Repubblica rende effettivo questo diritto con borse di studio, assegni alle famiglie ed altre provvidenze, che devono essere attribuite per concorso.

    • Children Act 2001 (as amended)
      Valsts:
      Ireland

      An act to make further provision in relation to The care, protection and control of children and, in particular, to replace the Children Act, 1908, and other enactments relating to juvenile offenders, to amend and extend The Child Care Act, 1991, and to provide for related matters.

    • Constitution of Ireland
      Valsts:
      Ireland

      Article 42 (...) (5). In exceptional cases, where the parents for physical or moral reasons fail in their duty towards their children, the State as guardian of the common good, by appropriate means shall endeavour to supply the place of the parents, but always with due regard for the natural and imprescriptible rights of the child.

    • Constitution of Ireland
      Valsts:
      Ireland

      Article 42A.1. The state recognises and affirms the natural and imprescriptible rights of all children and shall, as far as practicable, by its laws protect and
      vindicate those rights.
      Article 42A.2.1. In exceptional cases, where the parents, regardless of their marital status, fail in their duty towards their chidren to such extent that the safety or welfare of any of their children is likely to be prejudicially affected, the state as guardian of the common good shall, by proportionate means as provided by law, endeavour to supply
      the place of the parents, but always with due
      regard for the natural and imprescriptible rights of the child.
      Article 42A.2.2. Provision shall be made by law for the adoption of any child where the parents have failed for such a period of time as may be prescribed by law in their duty towards the child and where the best interests of the child so require.
      Article 42A.3 Provision shall be made by law for the voluntary placement for adoption and the adoption of any child.
      Article 42A.4.1. Provision shall be made by law that in the resolution of all proceedings – i brought by the state, as guardian of the
      common good, for the purpose of
      preventing the safety and welfare of any
      child from being prejudically affected, or
      ii concerning the adoption, guardianship or
      custody of, or access to, any child,
      the best interests of the child shall be the
      paramount consideration.
      Article 42A.4.2. Provision shall be made by law for securing, as far as practicable, that in all proceedings referred to in subsection 1° of this section in respect of any child who is capable of forming his or her own
      views, the views of the child shall be ascertained and given due weight having regard to the age and maturity of the child. Article 44.2.4. Legislation providing state aid for schools shall not discriminate between schools under the management of different religious denominations, nor be such as to affect prejudicially the right of any child to attend a school receiving public money
      without attending religious instruction at that
      school. Article 45.4.2. The state shall endeavour to ensure that the strength and health of workers, men and women, and the tender age of children shall not be abused
      and that citizens shall not be forced by economic necessity to enter avocations unsuited to their sex, age or strength.

    • Magyarország Alaptörvénye
      Valsts:
      Hungary

      L) cikk (Alapvetés)
      (1) Magyarország védi a házasság intézményét mint férfi és nő között, önkéntes elhatározás alapján létrejött életközösséget, valamint a családot mint a nemzet fennmaradásának alapját. A családi kapcsolat alapja a házasság, illetve a szülő-gyermek viszony. […]

      XV. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (5) Magyarország külön intézkedésekkel védi a családokat, a gyermekeket, a nőket, az időseket és a fogyatékkal élőket.

      XVI. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) (1) Minden gyermeknek joga van a megfelelő testi, szellemi és erkölcsi fejlődéséhez szükséges védelemhez és gondoskodáshoz.
      (2) A szülőknek joguk van megválasztani a gyermeküknek adandó nevelést.
      (3) A szülők kötelesek kiskorú gyermekükről gondoskodni. E kötelezettség magában foglalja gyermekük taníttatását.
      (4) A nagykorú gyermekek kötelesek rászoruló szüleikről gondoskodni.

      XXX. cikk (SZABADSÁG ÉS FELELŐSSÉG) […] (2) A közös szükségletek fedezéséhez való hozzájárulás mértékét a gyermeket nevelők esetében a gyermeknevelés kiadásainak figyelembevételével kell megállapítani.

    • The Fundamental Law of Hungary
      Valsts:
      Hungary

      Article L (Foundation) (1) Hungary shall protect the institution of marriage as the union of a man and a woman
      established by voluntary decision, and the family as the basis of the survival of the nation. Family ties shall be based on marriage or the relationship between parents and children. […]

      Article XV (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (5) By means of separate measures, Hungary shall protect families, children, women, the elderly and those living with disabilities.

      Article XVI (Freedom and Responsibility) (1) Every child shall have the right to the protection and care necessary for his or her proper physical, mental and moral development.
      (2) Parents shall have the right to choose the upbringing to be given to their children.
      (3) Parents shall be obliged to take care of their minor children. This obligation shall include the provision of schooling for their children.
      (4) Adult children shall be obliged to take care of their parents if they are in need.

      Article XXX (Freedom and Responsibility) […] (2) For persons raising children, the extent of their contribution to covering common needs must be determined while taking the costs of raising children into consideration.

    • Constitution of the Hellenic Republic
      Valsts:
      Greece

      Article 21 (1). The family, being the cornerstone of the preservation and the advancement of the Nation, as well as marriage, motherhood and childhood, shall be under the protection of the State (2). Families with many children, disabled war and peace-time veterans, war victims, widows and orphans, as well as persons suffering from incurable bodily or mental ailments are entitled to the special care of the State [...]

    • Το Σύνταγμα της Ελλάδας
      Valsts:
      Greece

      Άρθρο 21(1). Η οικογένεια, ως θεμέλιο της συντήρησης και προαγωγής του 'Εθνους, καθώς και ο γάμος, η μητρότητα και η παιδική ηλικία τελούν υπό την προστασία του Κράτους. (2). Πολύτεκνες οικογένειες, ανάπηροι πολέμου και ειρηνικής περιόδου, θύματα πολέμου, χήρες και ορφανά εκείνων που έπεσαν στον πόλεμο, καθώς και όσοι πάσχουν από ανίατη σωματική ή πνευματική νόσο έχουν δικαίωμα ειδικής φροντίδας από το Κράτος. [...]

    • Basic Law for the Federal Republic of Germany
      Valsts:
      Germany

      Article 6 (3) Children may be separated from their families against the will of their parents or guardians only pursuant to a law, and only if the parents or guardians fail in their duties or the children are otherwise in danger of serious neglect. (...) (5) Children born outside of marriage shall be provided by legislation with the same opportunities for physical and mental development and for their position in society as are enjoyed by those born within marriage.

    • Grundgesetz für die Bundesrepublik Deutschland
      Valsts:
      Germany

      Artikel 6 (...) (3) Gegen den Willen der Erziehungsberechtigten dürfen Kinder nur auf Grund eines Gesetzes von der Familie getrennt werden, wenn die Erziehungsberechtigten versagen oder wenn die Kinder aus anderen Gründen zu verwahrlosen drohen. (...) (5) Den unehelichen Kindern sind durch die Gesetzgebung die gleichen Bedingungen für ihre leibliche und seelische Entwicklung und ihre Stellung in der Gesellschaft zu schaffen wie den ehelichen Kindern.

    • Constitution of Finland
      Valsts:
      Finland

      Section 6 Equality (...) Children shall be treated equally and as individuals and they shall be allowed to influence matters pertaining to themselves to a degree corresponding to their level of development. Section 12 Freedom of expression and right of access to information Everyone has the freedom of expression. Freedom of expression entails the right to express, disseminate and receive information, opinions and other communications without prior prevention by anyone. More detailed provisions on the exercise of the freedom of expression are laid down by an Act. Provisions on restrictions relating to pictorial programmes that are necessary for the protection of children may be laid down by an Act. Section 19 The right to social security (...) Everyone shall be guaranteed by an Act the right to basic subsistence in the event of unemployment, illness, and disability and during old age as well as at the birth of a child or the loss of a provider. The public authorities shall guarantee for everyone, as provided in more detail by an Act, adequate social, health and medical services and promote the health of the population. Moreover, the public authorities shall support families and others responsible for providing for children so that they have the ability to ensure the wellbeing and personal development of the children. (...)

    • Suomen perustuslaki
      Valsts:
      Finland

      6 § Yhdenvertaisuus (...) Lapsia on kohdeltava tasa-arvoisesti yksilöinä, ja heidän tulee saada vaikuttaa itseään koskeviin asioihin kehitystään vastaavasti. 12 § Sananvapaus ja julkisuus Jokaisella on sananvapaus. Sananvapauteen sisältyy oikeus ilmaista, julkistaa ja vastaanottaa tietoja, mielipiteitä ja muita viestejä kenenkään ennakolta estämättä. Tarkempia säännöksiä sananvapauden käyttämisestä annetaan lailla. Lailla voidaan säätää kuvaohjelmia koskevia lasten suojelemiseksi välttämättömiä rajoituksia. 19 § Oikeus sosiaaliturvaan (...) Lailla taataan jokaiselle oikeus perustoimeentulon turvaan työttömyyden, sairauden, työkyvyttömyyden ja vanhuuden aikana sekä lapsen syntymän ja huoltajan menetyksen perusteella. Julkisen vallan on turvattava, sen mukaan kuin lailla tarkemmin säädetään, jokaiselle riittävät sosiaali- ja terveyspalvelut ja edistettävä väestön terveyttä. Julkisen vallan on myös tuettava perheen ja muiden lapsen huolenpidosta vastaavien mahdollisuuksia turvata lapsen hyvinvointi ja yksilöllinen kasvu. (...)

    • Child Protection Act
      Valsts:
      Estonia

      § 2. Purpose of Act
      This Act shall be established in order to form behaviour and way of life which value and promote the development of children in the society, to create a supporting environment for children, to set the best interests of children as primary consideration, to improve the quality of life of children, to support the comprehensive development of children and to ensure the necessary assistance and care in a timely manner for children whose health and well-being is in danger in conformity with the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and the optional protocols thereto (hereinafter the convention) and the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights and other relevant legislation.
      § 3. Scope of application of Act
      (1) The provisions of this Act shall be applied to state and local government agencies and the officials thereof, legal persons in public and private law and natural persons who are in contact with children and child protection in their activities.
      (2) For the purposes of this Act, a child means every human being below the age of eighteen years. If the age of a person is unknown and there is reason to believe that the person is below the age of eighteen years, the person shall be deemed to be a child until proven otherwise.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Estonia
      Valsts:
      Estonia

      Article 26. Everyone is entitled to inviolability of his or her private and family life. Government agencies, local authorities, and their officials may not interfere with any person’s private or family life, except in the cases and pursuant to a procedure provided by law to protect public health, public morality, public order or the rights and freedoms of others, to prevent a criminal offence, or to apprehend the offender.
      Article 27. The family, which is fundamental to the preservation and growth of the nation and which constitutes the foundation of society, enjoys the protection of the government.
      Spouses have equal rights.
      Parents have the right and the duty to raise their children and to provide for them.
      The protection of parents and children is provided by law.
      The family is required to provide for its members who are in need.

    28 results found

    • Regulation (EU) 2024/1356 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 14 May 2024 introducing the screening of third-country nationals at the external borders and amending Regulations (EC) No 767/2008, (EU) 2017/2226, (EU) 2018/1240 and (EU) 2019/817

      Preamble 
      (25) During the screening, the best interests of the child should always be a primary consideration in accordance with Article 24(2) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’). Child protection authorities should, wherever necessary, be closely involved in the screening to ensure that the best interests of the child are duly taken into account throughout the screening. A representative should be appointed to represent and assist the unaccompanied minor during the screening or, where a representative has not been appointed, a person trained to safeguard the best interests and general wellbeing of the minor should be designated. Where applicable, that representative should be the same as the representative appointed in accordance with the rules on unaccompanied minors in Directive (EU) 2024/1346. The trained person should be the person designated to provisionally act as a representative under that Directive, where that person has been designated.


      (37) A preliminary vulnerability check should be carried out with a view to identifying persons with indications of being vulnerable, of being victims of torture or other inhuman or degrading treatment, or of being stateless, or who may have special reception or procedural needs within the meaning of Directive (EU) 2024/1346 and Regulation (EU) 2024/1348, respectively. This should be without prejudice to further assessment in ensuing procedures following the completion of the screening. The vulnerability check should be carried out by specialised personnel of the screening authorities trained for that purpose.


      (38) During the screening, all persons concerned should be guaranteed a standard of living complying with the Charter and have access to emergency health care and essential treatment of illnesses. Particular attention should be paid to individuals with vulnerabilities, such as pregnant women, elderly persons, single-parent families, persons with an immediately identifiable physical or mental disability, persons visibly having suffered psychological or physical trauma and unaccompanied minors. In particular, in the case of a minor, information should be provided in a child-friendly and age-appropriate manner. All the authorities involved in the performance of the tasks related to the screening should report any situation of vulnerabilities observed or reported to them, should respect human dignity and privacy, and should refrain from any discrimination.

      Article 8 : Requirements concerning the screening

      8.   Member States shall ensure that all persons subject to the screening are accorded a standard of living which guarantees their subsistence, protects their physical and mental health and respects their rights under the Charter.

      Article 10 : Monitoring of fundamental rights

      2.   Each Member State shall provide for an independent monitoring mechanism in accordance with the requirements set out in this Article, which shall:

      (a) monitor compliance with Union and international law, including the Charter, in particular as regards access to the asylum procedure, the principle of non-refoulement, the best interest of the child and the relevant rules on detention, including relevant provisions on detention in national law, during the screening; and

      (b) ensure that substantiated allegations of failure to respect fundamental rights in all relevant activities in relation to the screening are dealt with effectively and without undue delay, trigger, where necessary, investigations into such allegations and monitor the progress of such investigations.

      Article 12: Preliminary health checks and vulnerabilities

      3.   Third-country nationals subjected to the screening referred to in Articles 5 and 7 shall be subject to a preliminary vulnerability check by specialised personnel of the screening authorities trained for that purpose, with a view to identifying whether a third-country national might be a stateless person, vulnerable or a victim of torture or other inhuman or degrading treatment, or have special needs within the meaning of Directive 2008/115/EC, Article 25 of Directive (EU) 2024/1346 and Article 20 of Regulation (EU) 2024/1348. For the purpose of that vulnerability check, the screening authorities may be assisted by non-governmental organisations and, where relevant, by qualified medical personnel.

      Article 13: Guarantees for minors

      1.   During the screening, the best interests of the child shall always be a primary consideration in accordance with Article 24(2) of the Charter.

    • Regulation (EU) No 656/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 establishing rules for the surveillance of the external sea borders in the context of operational cooperation coordinated by Frontex

      Preamble 


      (19) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by Articles 2 and 6 of the Treaty on European Union (TEU) and by the Charter, in particular respect for human dignity, the right to life, the prohibition of torture and of inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, the prohibition of trafficking in human beings, the right to liberty and security, the right to the protection of personal data, the right to asylum and to protection against removal and expulsion, the principles of non-refoulement and non-discrimination, the right to an effective remedy and the rights of the child. This Regulation should be applied by Member States and the Agency in accordance with those rights and principles.

    • European Parliament resolution of 26 November 2019 on children’s rights on the occasion of the 30th anniversary of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (2019/2876(RSP))

      .

    • Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union

      Article 81

      (ex Article 65 TEC)

      1. The Union shall develop judicial cooperation in civil matters having cross-border implications, based on the principle of mutual recognition of judgments and of decisions in extrajudicial cases. Such cooperation may include the adoption of measures for the approximation of the laws and regulations of the Member States.

      2. For the purposes of paragraph 1, the European Parliament and the Council, acting in accordance with the ordinary legislative procedure, shall adopt measures, particularly when necessary for the proper functioning of the internal market, aimed at ensuring:

      (a) the mutual recognition and enforcement between Member States of judgments and of decisions in extrajudicial cases;

      (b) the cross-border service of judicial and extrajudicial documents;

      (c) the compatibility of the rules applicable in the Member States concerning conflict of laws and of jurisdiction;

      (d) cooperation in the taking of evidence;

      (e) effective access to justice;

      (f) the elimination of obstacles to the proper functioning of civil proceedings, if necessary by promoting the compatibility of the rules on civil procedure applicable in the Member States;

      (g) the development of alternative methods of dispute settlement;

      (h) support for the training of the judiciary and judicial staff.

      3. Notwithstanding paragraph 2, measures concerning family law with cross-border implications shall be established by the Council, acting in accordance with a special legislative procedure. The Council shall act unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.

      The Council, on a proposal from the Commission, may adopt a decision determining those aspects of family law with cross-border implications which may be the subject of acts adopted by the ordinary legislative procedure. The Council shall act unanimously after consulting the European Parliament.

      The proposal referred to in the second subparagraph shall be notified to the national Parliaments. If a national Parliament makes known its opposition within six months of the date of such notification, the decision shall not be adopted. In the absence of opposition, the Council may adopt the decision.

    • Regulation (EU) 2019/1155 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 20 June 2019 amending Regulation (EC) No 810/2009 establishing a Community Code on Visas (Visa Code)

      .

    • Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25 June 2019 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, and on international child abduction

      .

    • Council Recommendation of 22 May 2019 on High-Quality Early Childhood Education and Care Systems

      .

    • Directive 2010/13/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 10 March 2010 on the coordination of certain provisions laid down by law, regulation or administrative action in Member States concerning the provision of audiovisual media services

      Preamble 
      (16) This Directive enhances compliance with fundamental rights and is fully in line with the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (12), in particular Article 11 thereof. In this regard, this Directive should not in any way prevent Member States from applying their constitutional rules relating to freedom of the press and freedom of expression in the media.


      (48) Television broadcasting rights for events of high interest to the public may be acquired by broadcasters on an exclusive basis. However, it is essential to promote pluralism through the diversity of news production and programming across the Union and to respect the principles recognised by Article 11 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union.


      (60) Measures taken to protect the physical, mental and moral development of minors and human dignity should be carefully balanced with the fundamental right to freedom of expression as laid down in the Charter on Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The aim of those measures, such as the use of personal identification numbers (PIN codes), filtering systems or labelling, should thus be to ensure an adequate level of protection of the physical, mental and moral development of minors and human dignity, especially with regard to on-demand audiovisual media services. The Recommendation on the protection of minors and human dignity and on the right of reply already recognised the importance of filtering systems and labelling and included a number of possible measures for the benefit of minors, such as systematically supplying users with an effective, updatable and easy-to-use filtering system when they subscribe to an access provider or equipping the access to services specifically intended for children with automatic filtering systems.

    • Council Regulation (EU) 2019/1111 of 25 June 2019 on jurisdiction, the recognition and enforcement of decisions in matrimonial matters and the matters of parental responsibility, and on international child abduction (recast)

      (39) Proceedings in matters of parental responsibility under this Regulation as well as return proceedings under the 1980 Hague Convention should, as a basic principle, provide the child who is subject to those proceedings and who is capable of forming his or her own views, in accordance with the case-law of the Court of Justice, with a genuine and effective opportunity to express his or her views and when assessing the best interests of the child, due weight should be given to those views. The opportunity of the child to express his or her views freely in accordance with Article 24(1) of the Charter and in the light of Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child plays an important role in the application of this Regulation. The Regulation should, however, leave the question of who will hear the child and how the child is heard to be determined by national law and procedure of the Member States. Consequently, it should not be the purpose of this Regulation to set out whether the child should be heard by the judge in person or by a specially trained expert reporting to the court afterwards, or whether the child should be heard in the courtroom or in another place or through other means. In addition, while remaining a right of the child, hearing the child cannot constitute an absolute obligation, but must be assessed taking into account the best interests of the child, for example, in cases involving agreements between the parties. Whilst, according to the case-law of the Court of Justice, it is not a requirement of Article 24 of the Charter and of Regulation (EC) No 2201/2003 that the court of the Member State of origin obtain the views of the child in every case by means of a hearing, and that that court thus retains a degree of discretion, the case-law also provides that, where that court decides to provide the opportunity for the child to be heard, the court is required to take all measures which are appropriate to the arrangement of such a hearing, having regard to the best interests of the child and the circumstances of each individual case, in order to ensure the effectiveness of those provisions, and to offer to the child a genuine and effective opportunity to express his or her views. The court of the Member State of origin should, in so far as possible and always taking into consideration the best interests of the child, use all means available to it under national law as well as the specific instruments of international judicial cooperation, including, when appropriate, those provided for by Council Regulation (EC) No 1206/2001.

      [...]

      (71) Although the obligation to provide the child with the opportunity to express his or her views under this Regulation should not apply to authentic instruments and agreements, the right of the child to express his or her views should continue to apply pursuant to Article 24 of the Charter and in light of Article 12 of the UN Convention on the Rights of the Child as implemented by national law and procedure. The fact that the child was not given the opportunity to express his or her views should not automatically be a ground of refusal of recognition and enforcement of authentic instruments and agreements in matters of parental responsibility.

    • Regulation (EU) No 604/2013 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 June 2013 establishing the criteria and mechanisms for determining the Member State responsible for examining an application for international protection

      Preamble

      (13) In accordance with the 1989 United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the best interests of the child should be a primary consideration of Member States when applying this Regulation. In assessing the best interests of the child, Member States should, in particular, take due account of the minor’s well-being and social development, safety and security considerations and the views of the minor in accordance with his or her age and maturity, including his or her background. In addition, specific procedural guarantees for unaccompanied minors should be laid down on account of their particular vulnerability.

      (19) In order to guarantee effective protection of the rights of the persons concerned, legal safeguards and the right to an effective remedy in respect of decisions regarding transfers to the Member State responsible should be established, in accordance, in particular, with Article 47 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In order to ensure that international law is respected, an effective remedy against such decisions should cover both the examination of the application of this Regulation and of the legal and factual situation in the Member State to which the applicant is transferred.


      (39) This Regulation respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles which are acknowledged, in particular, in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. In particular, this Regulation seeks to ensure full observance of the right to asylum guaranteed by Article 18 of the Charter as well as the rights recognised under Articles 1, 4, 7, 24 and 47 thereof. This Regulation should therefore be applied accordingly.

      Article 3: Access to the procedure for examining an application for international protection

      2.   Where no Member State responsible can be designated on the basis of the criteria listed in this Regulation, the first Member State in which the application for international protection was lodged shall be responsible for examining it.

      Where it is impossible to transfer an applicant to the Member State primarily designated as responsible because there are substantial grounds for believing that there are systemic flaws in the asylum procedure and in the reception conditions for applicants in that Member State, resulting in a risk of inhuman or degrading treatment within the meaning of Article 4 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, the determining Member State shall continue to examine the criteria set out in Chapter III in order to establish whether another Member State can be designated as responsible.

      Where the transfer cannot be made pursuant to this paragraph to any Member State designated on the basis of the criteria set out in Chapter III or to the first Member State with which the application was lodged, the determining Member State shall become the Member State responsible.