Listina EU o temeljnih pravicah

The Fundamental Rights Report: Challenges and Achievements in 2025 is FRA’s flagship annual publication. It provides an overview of the state of fundamental rights in the EU and highlights selected critical developments from 2025. This year, it focuses on four areas: rights protection in a rapidly changing digital environment; the housing crisis and rising homelessness rates; employment challenges for people from non-EU countries; and the implementation of the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights. The publication is a valuable resource for those seeking to stay informed about the EU’s shifting landscape of fundamental rights.

This report examines how human rights impact assessments (HRIAs) are built into lawmaking across the EU and its Member States. It highlights that, although progress has been made, the use of HRIAs remains uneven and often superficial. In many EU countries, the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights is frequently overlooked. The report identifies insufficient consultation with external experts, limited stakeholder participation and a lack of evaluation once laws are in force. To address these gaps, it offers practical recommendations for more systematic, inclusive and evidence-based HRIAs that strengthen human rights protection and ensure better, more accountable legislation throughout the EU.

Listina Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah (Listina) je listina pravic EU. Za institucije EU in države članice je zavezujoča vedno, ko delujejo na področju uporabe prava EU. Vendar pa še zdaleč ni preprosto ugotoviti, ali konkretna zadeva spada na področje uporabe prava EU. Delavcem v pravni stroki je zato treba zagotavljati usposabljanje in gradivo za usposabljanje, da se jim omogoči razumevanje področja uporabe Listine, kot je določeno v njenem členu 51. Cilj tega priročnika za izvajalca usposabljanja je zagotoviti smernice tako o organizaciji kot o izvajanju takih usposabljanj na podlagi niza študij primerov, ki se bo v prihodnosti razširil.

Ta osrednja tema podrobneje obravnava uporabo Listine
Evropske unije o temeljnih pravicah, ki je pravno zavezujoča
že 10 let. Na ravni EU je postala prepoznavnejša, spodbudila
pa je tudi novo kulturo spoštovanja temeljnih pravic. Na
nacionalni ravni sta uporaba Listine in ozaveščenost o njej
omejeni. Na sodiščih se uporaba tega sodobnega instrumenta
povečuje, kar kaže, da ima vpliv, vlade in parlamenti pa ga
še naprej uporabljajo le redko. Tako na primer skoraj nič ne
kaže na to, da kdo redno podrobno preverja, ali je nacionalna
zakonodaja za prenos prava EU skladna z Listino.

The Charter is most effective, and has a real impact on people’s lives, when parliaments, governments and courts at local, regional and national levels all actively apply it. The national sphere is particularly relevant. A strong fundamental rights architecture and committed national governments and parliaments are key to letting the Charter unfold its potential at this level. Civil society organisations (CSOs) and national human rights institutions (NHRIs) are also crucial given their contributions to the protection and promotion of Charter rights.

Države članice imajo izrecno dolžnost, da spodbujajo uporabo Listine. Ti pregledi posamičnih držav podpirajo tovrstna prizadevanja s predstavitvijo primerov uporabe Listine in osvetlitvijo njene dodane vrednosti.

Kot zelo sodoben katalog človekovih pravic, ki vsebuje veliko pravic, ki jih ni mogoče najti v veljavnih listinah o pravicah, je Listina na papirju resnično videti dobro. Tisti, ki poznajo glavna načela prava EU, lahko običajno hitro navedejo, da je Listina vedno zavezujoča za EU, za države članice pa samo, ko „izvajajo pravo Unije“. Ampak kaj ta pogosto citirana določba iz člena 51 Listine dejansko pomeni?

With this Opinion, FRA aims to contribute to the European Parliament's own-initiative report on the “Implementation of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union in the EU institutional framework”, being prepared in the Parliament’s Committee for Constitutional Affairs (AFCO). The request aims at understanding the interaction between the Charter’s implementation at national and EU level, and whether there are “instruments, mechanisms and practices” available at EU level to assist Member States to better implement the Charter.