eu-charter

Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da UE

Artigo 12.o - Liberdade de reunião e de associação

Artigo 12.o - Liberdade de reunião e de associação

1. Todas as pessoas têm direito à liberdade de reunião pacífica e à liberdade de associação a todos os níveis, nomeadamente nos domínios político, sindical e cívico, o que implica o direito de, com outrem, fundarem sindicatos e de neles se filiarem para a defesa dos seus interesses.

2. Os partidos políticos ao nível da União contribuem para a expressão da vontade política dos cidadãos da União.

    • Text:

      1. As disposições do n.o 1 deste artigo correspondem às do artigo 11.o da CEDH, que tem a seguinte redacção:
      `1. Qualquer pessoa tem direito à liberdade de reunião pacífica e à liberdade de associação, incluindo o direito de, com outrem, fundar e filiar-se em sindicatos para a defesa dos seus interesses.
      2. O exercício deste direito só pode ser objecto de restrições que, sendo previstas na lei, constituírem disposições necessárias, numa sociedade democrática, para a segurança nacional, a segurança pública, a defesa da ordem e a prevenção do crime, a protecção da saúde ou da moral, ou a protecção dos direitos e das liberdades de terceiros. O presente artigo não proíbe que sejam impostas restrições legítimas ao exercício destes direitos aos membros das forças armadas, da polícia ou da administração do Estado.`
      As disposições do n.o 1 deste artigo têm um sentido idêntico às da CEDH, mas o seu âmbito é mais alargado, na medida em que podem ser aplicáveis a todos os níveis e, por conseguinte, ao nível europeu. Nos termos do n.o 3 do artigo 52.o da Carta, as restrições a este direito não podem exceder as que possam ser consideradas legítimas por força do n.o 2 do artigo 11.o da CEDH.
      2. Este direito baseia-se ainda no artigo 11.o da Carta Comunitária dos Direitos Sociais Fundamentais dos Trabalhadores.
      3. O n.o 2 deste artigo corresponde ao n.o 4 do artigo 10.o do Tratado da União Europeia.

      Source:
      Jornal Oficial da União Europeia C 303/17 - 14.12.2007
      Preamble - Explanations relating to the Charter of Fundamental Rights:
      As presentes anotações, inicialmente elaboradas sob a responsabilidade do Praesidium da Convenção que redigiu a Carta dos Direitos Fundamentais da União Europeia, foram actualizadas sob a responsabilidade do Praesidium da Convenção Europeia, à luz das adaptações ao texto (nomeadamente aos artigos 51.o e 52.o) da Carta introduzidas pela Convenção Europeia e da evolução do direito da União. Embora não tenham em si força de lei, constituem um valioso instrumento de interpretação destinado a clarificar as disposições da Carta.
    • European Commission v Czech Republic
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      Decision
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    • European Commission v Republic of Poland
      Decision date:
      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
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      Decision
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      ECLI:EU:C:2024:963
    • Asociația ‘Forumul Judecătorilor din România’, Asociația ‘Mișcarea pentru Apărarea Statutului Procurorilor’ v Parchetul de pe lângă Înalta Curte de Casaţie şi Justiţie – Procurorul General al României
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      ECLI:EU:C:2024:388
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      Council of State
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      ECLI:FR:CEORD:2021:457101.20211020
    • Mr. José Ángel v. Central Electoral Board
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      National Court/Tribunal
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      Supreme Court, Contentious Chamber
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      Decision
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      ECLI:ES:TS:2021:3092
    • LM v Centre public d'action sociale de Seraing
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      ECLI:EU:C:2020:759
    • European Commission v Hungary.
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      Deciding body type:
      Court of Justice of the European Union
      Deciding body:
      Court (Grand Chamber)
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      Decision
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      ECLI:EU:C:2020:476
    • International Forum for Sustainable Underwater Activities (IFSUA) v Council of the European Union
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      Court of Justice of the European Union
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      General Court (First Chamber)
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    54 results found

    • Grondwet voor het Koninkrijk der Nederlanden
      País:
      Netherlands

       Artikel 8 Het recht tot vereniging wordt erkend. Bij de wet kan dit recht worden beperkt in het belang van de openbare orde. Artikel 9 1. Het recht tot vergadering en betoging wordt erkend, behoudens ieders verantwoordelijkheid volgens de wet.2. De wet kan regels stellen ter bescherming van de gezondheid, in het belang van het verkeer en ter bestrijding of voorkoming van wanordelijkheden.

    • Charter of Fundamental Rights and Freedoms
      País:
      Czechia

      Article 19 (1) The right of peaceful assembly is guaranteed. (2) This right may be limited by law in the case of assemblies held in public places, if it concerns measures necessary in a democratic society for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others, public order, health, morals, property, or the security of the state. However, an assembly shall not be made to depend on the grant of permission by a public administrative authority. Article 20 (1) The right of association is guaranteed. Everybody has the right to associate together with others in clubs, societies, and other associations. (2) Citizens also have the right to form political parties and political movements and to associate therein. (3) The exercise of these rights may be limited only in cases specified by law, if it involves measures that are necessary in a democratic society for the security of the state, the protection of public security and public order, the prevention of crime, or the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. (4) Political parties and political movements, as well as other associations, are separate from the state. Article 22 Any statutory provisions relating to political rights and freedoms, as well as the interpretation and application thereof, shall make possible and protect the free competition among political forces in a democratic society. Article 27 (1) Everyone has the right to associate freely with others for the protection of her economic and social interests. (2) Trade unions shall be established independently of the state. No limits may be placed upon the number of trade union organizations, nor may any of them be given preferential treatment in a particular enterprise or branch of industry. (3) The activities of trade unions and the formation and activities of similar associations for the protection of economic and social interests may be limited by law in the case of measures necessary in a democratic society for the protection of the security of the State, public order, or the rights and freedoms of others. (4) The right to strike is guaranteed under the conditions provided for by law; this right does not appertain to judges, prosecutors, or members of the armed forces or security corps.

    • Constitution of the Czech Republic
      País:
      Czechia

      Article 5 The political system is founded on the free and voluntary formation of and free competition among those political parties which respect the fundamental democratic principles and which renounce force as a means of promoting their interests.

    • Listina základních práv a svobod
      País:
      Czechia

      Článek 19 (1) Právo pokojně se shromažďovat je zaručeno. (2) Toto právo lze omezit zákonem v případech shromáždění na veřejných místech, jde-li o opatření v demokratické společnosti nezbytná pro ochranu práv a svobod druhých, ochranu veřejného pořádku, zdraví, mravnosti, majetku nebo pro bezpečnost státu. Shromáždění však nesmí být podmíněno povolením orgánu veřejné správy. Článek 20 (1) Právo svobodně se sdružovat je zaručeno. Každý má právo spolu s jinými se sdružovat ve spolcích, společnostech a jiných sdruženích. (2) Občané mají právo zakládat též politické strany a politická hnutí a sdružovat se v nich. (3) Výkon těchto práv lze omezit jen v případech stanovených zákonem, jestliže to je v demokratické společnosti nezbytné pro bezpečnost státu, ochranu veřejné bezpečnosti a veřejného pořádku, předcházení trestným činům nebo pro ochranu práv a svobod druhých. (4) Politické strany a politická hnutí, jakož i jiná sdružení jsou odděleny od státu. Článek 22 Zákonná úprava všech politických práv a svobod a její výklad a používání musí umožňovat a ochraňovat svobodnou soutěž politických sil v demokratické společnosti. Článek 27 (1) Každý má právo svobodně se sdružovat s jinými na ochranu svých hospodářských a sociálních zájmů. (2) Odborové organizace vznikají nezávisle na státu. Omezovat počet odborových organizací je nepřípustné, stejně jako zvýhodňovat některé z nich v podniku nebo v odvětví. (3) Činnost odborových organizací a vznik a činnost jiných sdružení na ochranu hospodářských a sociálních zájmů mohou být omezeny zákonem, jde-li o opatření v demokratické společnosti nezbytná pro ochranu bezpečnosti státu, veřejného pořádku nebo práv a svobod druhých. (4) Právo na stávku je zaručeno za podmínek stanovených zákonem; toto právo nepřísluší soudcům, prokurátorům, příslušníkům ozbrojených sil a příslušníkům bezpečnostních sborů.

    • Ústava České republiky
      País:
      Czechia

      Článek 5 Politický systém je založen na svobodném a dobrovolném vzniku a volné soutěži politických stran respektujících základní demokratické principy a odmítajících násilí jako prostředek k prosazování svých zájmů.

    • Human Rights Act 1998
      País:
      United Kingdom

      See ECHR provisions of Article 11 which have been incorporated into UK law by the Human Rights Act 1998. Schedule 1 Article 11 Freedom of assembly and association
      1Everyone has the right to freedom of peaceful assembly and to freedom of association with others, including the right to form and to join trade unions for the protection of his interests.
      2No restrictions shall be placed on the exercise of these rights other than such as are prescribed by law and are necessary in a democratic society in the interests of national security or public safety, for the prevention of disorder or crime, for the protection of health or morals or for the protection of the rights and freedoms of others. This Article shall not prevent the imposition of lawful restrictions on the exercise of these rights by members of the armed forces, of the police or of the administration of the State.

    • Instrument of Government
      País:
      Sweden

      Chapter 2 - Fundamental rights and freedoms; Article 1 Everyone shall be guaranteed the following rights and freedoms in his or her relations with the public institutions: (...) freedom of assembly: that is, the freedom to organise or attend meetings for the purposes of information or the expression of opinion or for any other similar purpose, or for the purpose of presenting artistic work (...); freedom of association: that is, the freedom to associate with others for public or private purposes (...); Article 14 A trade union or an employer or employers’ association shall be entitled to take industrial action unless otherwise provided in an act of law or under an agreement.

    • Constitutión Española
      País:
      Spain

      Artículo 6 Los partidos políticos expresan el pluralismo político, concurren a la formación y manifestación de la voluntad popular y son instrumento fundamental para la participación política. Su creación y el ejercicio de su actividad son libres dentro del respeto a la Constitución y a la ley. Su estructura interna y funcionamiento deberán ser democráticos. Artículo 7 Los sindicatos de trabajadores y las asociaciones empresariales contribuyen a la defensa y promoción de los intereses económicos y sociales que les son propios. Su creación y el ejercicio de su actividad son libres dentro del respeto a la Constitución y a la ley. Su estructura interna y funcionamiento deberán ser democráticos.Artículo 21 1. Se reconoce el derecho de reunión pacífica y sin armas. El ejercicio de este derecho no necesitará autorización previa. 2. En los casos de reuniones en lugares de tránsito público y manifestaciones se dará comunicación previa a la autoridad, que sólo podrá prohibirlas cuando existan razones fundadas de alteración del orden público, con peligro para personas o bienes.Artículo 22 1. Se reconoce el derecho de asociación. 2. Las asociaciones que persigan fines o utilicen medios tipificados como delitos son ilegales. 3. Las asociaciones constituidas al amparo de este artículo deberán inscribirse en un registro a los solos efectos de publicidad. 4. Las asociaciones sólo podrán ser disueltas o suspendidas en sus actividades en virtud de resolución judicial motivada. 5. Se prohíben las asociaciones secretas y las de carácter paramilitar.Artículo 28 1. Todos tienen derecho a sindicarse libremente. La ley podrá limitar o exceptuar el ejercicio de este derecho a las Fuerzas o Institutos armados o a los demás Cuerpos sometidos a disciplina militar y regulará las peculiaridades de su ejercicio para los funcionarios públicos. La libertad sindical comprende el derecho a fundar sindicatos y a afiliarse al de su elección, así como el derecho de los sindicatos a formar confederaciones y a fundar organizaciones sindicales internacionales o afiliarse a las mismas. Nadie podrá ser obligado a afiliarse a un sindicato. 2. Se reconoce el derecho a la huelga de los trabajadores para la defensa de sus intereses. La ley que regule el ejercicio de este derecho establecerá las garantías precisas para asegurar el mantenimiento de los servicios esenciales de la

    • Constitution of the Kingdom of Spain
      País:
      Spain

      Section 6 Political parties are the expression of political pluralism, they contribute to the formation and expression of the will of the people and are an essential instrument for political participation. Their creation and the exercise of their activities are free in so far as they respect the Constitution and the law. Their internal structure and their functioning must be democratic.

      Section 7 Trade unions and employers associations contribute to the defence and promotion of the economic and social interests which they represent. Their creation and the exercise of their activities shall be free in so far as they respect the Constitution and the law. Their internal structure and their functioning must be democratic

      Section 21 (1) The right to peaceful unarmed assembly is granted. The exercise of this right shall not require prior authorization. (2) In the case of meetings in public places and of demonstrations, prior notification shall be given to the authorities, who can only forbid them when there are well founded grounds to expect a breach of public order, involving danger to persons or property.

      Section 22 (1) The right of association is granted. (2) Associations which pursue ends or use means legally defined as criminal offences are illegal. (3) Associations set up on the basis of this section must be entered in a register for the sole purpose of public knowledge. (4) Associations may only be dissolved or have their activities suspended by virtue of a court order stating the reasons for it. (5) Secret and paramilitary associations are prohibited.

      Section 28 (1) All have the right to freely join a trade union. The law may restrict or except the exercise of this right in the Armed Forces or Institutes or other bodies subject to military discipline, and shall lay down the special conditions of its exercise by civil servants. Trade union freedom includes the right to set up trade unions and to join the union of one's choice, as well as the right of trade unions to form confederations and to found international trade union organizations, or to become members thereof. No one may be compelled to join a trade union. (2) The right of workers to strike in defence of their interests is recognized. The law governing the exercise of this right shall establish the safeguards necessary to ensure the maintenance of essential public services.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Slovenia
      País:
      Slovenia

      Article 42 The right of peaceful assembly and public meeting shall be guaranteed. Everyone has the right to freedom of association with others.Legal restrictions of these rights shall be permissible where so required for national security or public safety and for protection against the spread of infectious diseases.Professional members of the defence forces and the police may not be members of political parties.

      Article 46 Conscientious objection shall be permissible in cases provided by law where this does not limit the rights and freedoms of others.

      Article 76 The freedom to establish, operate and join trade unions shall be guaranteed.

    • Ustava Republike Slovenije
      País:
      Slovenia

      42. člen Zagotovljena je pravica do mirnega zbiranja in do javnih zborovanj. Vsakdo ima pravico, da se svobodno združuje z drugimi. Zakonske omejitve teh pravic so dopustne, če to zahteva varnost države ali javna varnost ter varstvo pred širjenjem nalezljivih bolezni. Poklicni pripadniki obrambnih sil in policije ne morejo biti člani političnih strank.

      46. člen Ugovor vesti je dopusten v primerih, ki jih določi zakon, če se s tem ne omejujejo pravice in svoboščine drugih oseb.76. člen Ustanavljanje in delovanje sindikatov ter včlanjevanje vanje je svobodno.

    • Constitution of the Slovak Republic
      País:
      Slovakia

      Article 28 (1) The right to peaceful assembly is guaranteed. (2) Conditions for exercising this right shall be laid down by law in the event of assemblies in public places , if such measures is necessary in a democratic society to protect the rights and freedoms of others, public order, health and morals, property or the security of the State. An assembly may not be made conditional on the issuance of an authorization by a state authority. Article 29( 1) The right of free association is guaranteed. Everyone has the right to associate freely with others in clubs, societies or other associations. (2) Citizens have the right to establish political parties and political movements and to associate in them. (3) The exercise of rights pursuant to paragraphs 1 and 2 may be restricted only in cases laid down by law if it is necessary in a democratic society for reasons of State security, to protect public order, to prevent criminal acts, or to protect the rights and freedoms of others. (4) Political parties and political movements, as well as clubs, societies or other associations separated from the State. Article 37(1) Everyone has the right to freely associate with others to protect their economic and social interests. (2) Trade unions are established independently of the State. It is inadmissible to limit the number of trade unions organizations, as well as to give some of them preferential status in an enterprise or a branch of the economy.(3) The activity of trade unions and the founding and operation of other associations protecting economic and social interests may be restricted by law, if such measure is necessary in a democratic society to protect the security of the State, public order, or the rights and freedoms of others. (4) The right to strike is guaranteed. The conditions shall be laid down by law. Judges, prosecutors, members of the armed forces and armed corps, and members and employees of Fire and Rescue Brigades do not have this right.

    • Ústava Slovenskej republiky
      País:
      Slovakia

      Čl. 28 (1) Právo pokojne sa zhromažďovať sa zaručuje. (2) Podmienky výkonu tohto práva ustanoví zákon v prípadoch zhromažďovania na verejných miestach, ak ide o opatrenia v demokratickej spoločnosti nevyhnutné na ochranu práv a slobôd iných, ochranu verejného poriadku, zdravia a mravnosti, majetku alebo pre bezpečnosť štátu. Zhromaždenie sa nesmie podmieňovať povolením orgánu verejnej správy. Čl. 29 (1) Právo slobodne sa združovať sa zaručuje. Každý má právo spolu s inými sa združovať v spolkoch, spoločnostiach alebo iných združeniach. (2) Občania majú právo zakladať politické strany a politické hnutia a združovať sa v nich. (3) Výkon práv podľa odsekov 1 a 2 možno obmedziť len v prípadoch ustanovených zákonom, ak je to v demokratickej spoločnosti nevyhnutné pre bezpečnosť štátu, na ochranu verejného poriadku, predchádzanie trestným činom alebo na ochranu práv a slobôd iných. (4) Politické strany a politické hnutia, ako aj spolky, spoločnosti alebo iné združenia sú oddelené od štátu.Čl. 3 7(1) Každý má právo sa slobodne združovať s inými na ochranu svojich hospodárskych a sociálnych záujmov. (2) Odborové organizácie vznikajú nezávisle od štátu. Obmedzovať počet odborových organizácií, ako aj zvýhodňovať niektoré z nich v podniku alebo v odvetví, je neprípustné. (3) Činnosť odborových organizácií a vznik a činnosť iných združení na ochranu hospodárskych a sociálnych záujmov možno obmedziť zákonom, ak ide o opatrenie v demokratickej spoločnosti nevyhnutné na ochranu bezpečnosti štátu, verejného poriadku alebo práv a slobôd druhých.(4) Právo na štrajk sa zaručuje. Podmienky ustanoví zákon. Toto právo nemajú sudcovia, prokurátori, príslušníci ozbrojených síl a ozbrojených zborov a príslušníci a zamestnanci hasičských a záchranných zborov. 

    • Constituția României
      País:
      Romania

      Articolul 9Sindicatele, patronatele si asociatiile profesionale se constituie si îsi desfasoara activitatea potrivit statutelor lor, în conditiile legii. Ele contribuie la apararea drepturilor si la promovarea intereselor profesionale, economice si sociale ale membrilor lor. Articolul 31(1) Dreptul persoanei de a avea acces la orice informatie de interes public nu poate fi îngradit. (2) Autoritatile publice, potrivit competentelor ce le revin, sunt obligate sa asigure informarea corecta a cetatenilor asupra treburilor publice si asupra problemelor de interes personal. (3) Dreptul la informatie nu trebuie sa prejudicieze masurile de protectie a tinerilor sau securitatea nationala.Articolul 39Mitingurile, demonstratiile, procesiunile sau orice alte întruniri sunt libere si se pot organiza si desfasura numai în mod pasnic, fara nici un fel de arme.Articolul 40(1) Cetatenii se pot asocia liber în partide politice, în sindicate, în patronate si în alte forme de asociere. (2) Partidele sau organizatiile care, prin scopurile ori prin activitatea lor, militeaza împotriva pluralismului politic, a principiilor statului de drept ori a suveranitatii, a integritatii sau a independentei României sunt neconstitutionale. (3) Nu pot face parte din partide politice judecatorii Curtii Constitutionale, avocatii poporului, magistratii, membrii activi ai armatei, politistii si alte categorii de functionari publici stabilite prin lege organica. (4) Asociatiile cu caracter secret sunt interzise.

    • Constitution of Romania
      País:
      Romania

      Article 9Trade unions, employers' associations, and vocational associations shall be established and shall carry out their activity according to their statutes, according to the law. They shall contribute to the protection of rights and the promotion of their members' vocational, economic, and social interests. Article 31(1) A person's right of access to any information of public interest shall not be restricted. (2) The public authorities, according to their competence, shall be bound to provide correct information to the citizens in public affairs and matters of personal interest. (3) The right to information shall not be prejudicial to the measures of protection of young people or national security.Article 39Public meetings, processions, demonstrations or any other assembly shall be free and may be organized and held only peacefully, without arms of any kind whatsoever.Article 40(1) Citizens may freely associate into political parties, trade unions, employers' associations, and other forms of association. (2) The political parties or organizations which, by their aims or activity, militate against political pluralism, the principles of a State governed by the rule of law, or against the sovereignty, integrity or independence of Romania shall be unconstitutional. (3) Judges of the Constitutional Court, the advocates of the people, magistrates, active members of the Armed Forces, policemen and other categories of civil servants, established by an organic law, shall not join political parties. (4) Secret associations are prohibited.

    • Constituição da República Portuguesa
      País:
      Portugal

      Artigo 45.º (Direito de reunião e de manifestação) 1. Os cidadãos têm o direito de se reunir, pacificamente e sem armas, mesmo em lugares abertos ao público, sem necessidade de qualquer autorização. 2. A todos os cidadãos é reconhecido o direito de manifestação. Artigo 46.º (Liberdade de associação) 1. Os cidadãos têm o direito de, livremente e sem dependência de qualquer autorização, constituir associações, desde que estas não se destinem a promover a violência e os respectivos fins não sejam contrários à lei penal. 2. As associações prosseguem livremente os seus fins sem interferência das autoridades públicas e não podem ser dissolvidas pelo Estado ou suspensas as suas actividades senão nos casos previstos na lei e mediante decisão judicial. 3. Ninguém pode ser obrigado a fazer parte de uma associação nem coagido por qualquer meio a permanecer nela. 4. Não são consentidas associações armadas nem de tipo militar, militarizadas ou paramilitares, nem organizações racistas ou que perfilhem a ideologia fascista.

    • Constitution of the Portuguese Republic
      País:
      Portugal

      Article 45 (Right to meet and to demonstrate) 1. Citizens have the right to meet peacefully and without arms, even in places that are open to the public, without the need for any authorisation. 2. All citizens are accorded the right to demonstrate. Article 46 (Freedom of association) (1) Citizens have the right to form associations freely and without the requirement for any authorisation, on condition that such associations are not intended to promote violence and their purposes are not contrary to the criminal law. (2) Associations shall pursue their purposes freely and without interference from the public authorities, and may not be dissolved by the state or have their activities suspended other than in cases provided for by law and then only by judicial decision. (3) No one may be obliged to belong to an association, or be coerced to remain therein by any means. (4) Armed associations, military, militarised or paramilitary-type associations and organisations that are racist or display a fascist ideology are not permitted.

    • Constitution of the Republic of Poland
      País:
      Poland

      Article 57 The freedom of peaceful assembly and participation in such assemblies shall be ensured to everyone. Limitations upon such freedoms may be imposed by statute. Article 58.1. The freedom of association shall be guaranteed to everyone. 2. Associations whose purposes or activities are contrary to the Constitution or statutes shall be prohibited. The courts shall adjudicate whether to permit an association to register or to prohibit an association from such activities. 3. Statutes shall specify types of associations requiring court registration, a procedure for such registration and the forms of supervision of such associations.Article 59 1. The freedom of association in trade unions, socio-occupational organizations of farmers, and in employers' organizations shall be ensured. 2. Trade unions and employers and their organizations shall have the right to bargain, particularly for the purpose of resolving collective disputes, and to conclude collective labour agreements and other arrangements. 3. Trade unions shall have the right to organize workers' strikes or other forms of protest subject to limitations specified by statute. For protection of the public interest, statutes may limit or forbid the conduct of strikes by specified categories of employees or in specific fields. 4. The scope of freedom of association in trade unions and in employers' organizations may only be subject to such statutory limitations as are permissible in accordance with international agreements to which the Republic of Poland is a party.

    • Konstytucja Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej
      País:
      Poland

      Art. 57.Każdemu zapewnia się wolność organizowania pokojowych zgromadzeń i uczestniczenia w nich. Ograniczenie tej wolności może określać ustawa. Art. 58.1. Każdemu zapewnia się wolność zrzeszania się. 2. Zakazane są zrzeszenia, których cel lub działalność są sprzeczne z Konstytucją lub ustawą. O odmowie rejestracji lub zakazie działania takiego zrzeszenia orzeka sąd. 3. Ustawa określa rodzaje zrzeszeń podlegających sądowej rejestracji, tryb tej rejestracji oraz formy nadzoru nad tymi zrzeszeniami.Art. 59. 1.Zapewnia się wolność zrzeszania się w związkach zawodowych, organizacjach społeczno-zawodowych rolników oraz w organizacjach pracodawców. 2. Związki zawodowe oraz pracodawcy i ich organizacje mają prawo do rokowań, w szczególności w celu rozwiązywania sporów zbiorowych, oraz do zawierania układów zbiorowych pracy i innych porozumień. 3. Związkom zawodowym przysługuje prawo do organizowania strajków pracowniczych i innych form protestu w granicach określonych w ustawie. Ze względu na dobro publiczne ustawa może ograniczyć prowadzenie strajku lub zakazać go w odniesieniu do określonych kategorii pracowników lub w określonych dziedzinach. 4. Zakres wolności zrzeszania się w związkach zawodowych i organizacjach pracodawców oraz innych wolności związkowych może podlegać tylko takim ograniczeniom ustawowym, jakie są dopuszczalne przez wiążące Rzeczpospolitą Polską umowy międzynarodowe.

    • Constitution of Malta
      País:
      Malta

      Article 42(1) Except with his own consent or by way of parental discipline no person shall be hindered in the enjoyment of his freedom of peaceful assembly and association, that is to say, his right peacefully to assemble freely and associate with other persons and in particular to form or belong to trade or other unions or associations for the protection of his interests. (2) Nothing contained in or done under the authority of any law shall be held to be inconsistent with or in contravention of this article to the extent that the law in question makes provision – (a) that is reasonably required - (i) in the interests of defence, public safety, public order, public morality or decency, or public health; or (ii) for the purpose of protecting the rights or freedoms of other persons; or (b) that imposes restrictions upon public officers, and except so far as that provision or, as the case may be, the thing done under the authority thereof is shown not to be reasonably justifiable in a democratic society. (3) For the purposes of this article, any provision in any law prohibiting the holding of public meetings or demonstrations in any one or more particular cities, towns, suburbs or villages shall be held to be a provision which is not reasonably justifiable in a democratic society.

    7 results found

    • Directive (EU) 2024/1069 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 April 2024 on protecting persons who engage in public participation from manifestly unfounded claims or abusive court proceedings (‘Strategic lawsuits against public participatio

      Preamble 


      (3) Article 10(3) TEU states that every Union citizen has the right to participate in the democratic life of the Union. The Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) provides, inter alia, for the right to respect for private and family life, to the protection of personal data, to freedom of expression and information, which includes respect for the freedom and pluralism of the media, to freedom of assembly and of association and the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial.

      (4) The right to freedom of expression and information as established in Article 11 of the Charter includes the right to hold opinions and to receive and impart information and ideas without interference by public authority and regardless of frontiers. It is necessary to give to Article 11 of the Charter the meaning and scope of corresponding Article 10 of the European Convention on Human Rights (‘ECHR’) on the right to freedom of expression as interpreted by the European Court of Human Rights (‘ECtHR’).


      (7) The right to freedom of expression is a fundamental right that is to be exercised with a sense of duty and responsibility, taking into account people’s fundamental right to obtain impartial information, as well as respect for the fundamental right to protect one’s reputation, protection of personal data and privacy. In cases of a conflict between those rights, all parties are to have access to courts with due respect for the fair trial principle. To that end, this Directive should leave the court or tribunal seised of the matter with the discretion to consider whether the application of the relevant safeguards is appropriate in a particular case. In exercising such discretion the court should not apply the relevant safeguards for example where the public participation is not in good faith such as in cases where, through the public participation, the defendant disseminated disinformation or fabricated allegations for the purpose of damaging the claimant’s reputation.

      (22) Public participation should be defined as the making of any statement or the carrying out of any activity by a natural or legal person in the exercise of fundamental rights such as freedom of expression and information, freedom of the arts and sciences, or freedom of assembly and association, and concerning a matter of current or future public interest, including the creation, exhibition, advertisement, or other promotion of journalistic, political, scientific, academic, artistic, commentary or satirical communications, publications or works, and marketing activities. Future public interest refers to the fact that a matter might not yet be of public interest, but could become so, once the public becomes aware of it, for example by means of a publication. Public participation can also include activities related to the exercise of academic and artistic freedom, the right to freedom of association and peaceful assembly, such as the organisation of or participation in lobbying activities, demonstrations and protests or activities resulting from the exercise of the right to good administration and the right to an effective remedy, such as claims before courts or administrative bodies and participation in public hearings. Public participation should also include preparatory, supporting or assisting activities that have a direct and inherent link to the statement or activity that is targeted by SLAPPs to stifle public participation. Such activities should directly concern a specific act of public participation or be based on a contractual link between the actual target of a SLAPP and the person providing the preparatory, supporting or assisting activity. Bringing claims not against a journalist or a human rights defender but against the internet platform on which they publish their work or against the company that prints a text or a shop that sells the text can be an effective way of silencing public participation, as without such services opinions cannot be published and thus cannot influence public debate. In addition, public participation can cover other activities meant to inform or influence public opinion or to foster the taking of action by the public, including activities by private or public entities in relation to an issue of public interest, such as the organisation of or participation in research, surveys, campaigns or any other collective actions.

      Article 4: Definitions

      For the purposes of this Directive, the following definitions apply:

      (1) ‘public participation’ means the making of any statement or the carrying out of any activity by a natural or legal person in the exercise of the right to freedom of expression and information, freedom of the arts and sciences, or freedom of assembly and association, and any preparatory, supporting or assisting action directly linked thereto, and which concerns a matter of public interest;

      (2) ‘matter of public interest’ means any matter which affects the public to such an extent that the public may legitimately take an interest in it, in areas such as:

      (a) fundamental rights, public health, safety, the environment or the climate;

      (b) activities of a natural or legal person that is a public figure in the public or private sector;

      (c) matters under consideration by a legislative, executive, or judicial body, or any other official proceedings;

      (d) allegations of corruption, fraud, or of any other criminal offence, or of administrative offences in relation to such matters;

      (e) activities aimed at protecting the values enshrined in Article 2 of the Treaty on European Union, including the protection of democratic processes against undue interference, in particular by fighting disinformation;

      (3) ‘abusive court proceedings against public participation’ mean court proceedings which are not brought to genuinely assert or exercise a right, but have as their main purpose the prevention, restriction or penalisation of public participation, frequently exploiting an imbalance of power between the parties, and which pursue unfounded claims. Indications of such a purpose include for example:

      (a) the disproportionate, excessive or unreasonable nature of the claim or part thereof, including the excessive dispute value;

      (b) the existence of multiple proceedings initiated by the claimant or associated parties in relation to similar matters;

      (c) intimidation, harassment or threats on the part of the claimant or the claimant’s representatives, before or during the proceedings, as well as similar conduct by the claimant in similar or concurrent cases;

      (d) the use in bad faith of procedural tactics, such as delaying proceedings, fraudulent or abusive forum shopping or the discontinuation of cases at a later stage of the proceedings in bad faith.

      Article 9: Support for the defendant in court proceedings

      Member States shall ensure that a court or tribunal seised of court proceedings brought against natural or legal persons on account of their engagement in public participation may accept that associations, organisations, trade unions and other entities which have, in accordance with the criteria laid down by their national law, a legitimate interest in safeguarding or promoting the rights of persons engaging in public participation, may support the defendant, where the defendant so approves, or provide information in those proceedings in accordance with national law.

    • Directive (EU) 2024/2831 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 23 October 2024 on improving working conditions in platform work

      Preamble 


      (2) Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) provides for the right of every worker to fair and just working conditions which respect his or her health, safety and dignity. Article 27 of the Charter protects the workers’ right to information and consultation within the undertaking. Article 8 of the Charter provides that everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her. Article 12 of the Charter provides that everyone has the right to freedom of assembly and of association at all levels. Article 16 of the Charter recognises the freedom to conduct a business. Article 21 of the Charter prohibits discrimination.

      Article 7: Limitations on the processing of personal data by means of automated monitoring systems or automated decision-making systems

      1.   Digital labour platforms shall not, by means of automated monitoring systems or automated decision-making systems:

      (a) process any personal data on the emotional or psychological state of a person performing platform work;

      (b) process any personal data in relation to private conversations, including exchanges with other persons performing platform work and the representatives of persons performing platform work;

      (c) collect any personal data of a person performing platform work while that person is not offering or performing platform work;

      (d) process personal data to predict the exercise of fundamental rights, including the freedom of association, the right of collective bargaining and action or the right to information and consultation as laid down in the Charter;

      (e) process any personal data to infer the racial or ethnic origin, migration status, political opinions, religious or philosophical beliefs, disability, state of health, including chronic disease or HIV status, emotional or psychological state, trade union membership, sex life or sexual orientation;

      (f) process any biometric data, as defined in Article 4, point (14), of Regulation (EU) 2016/679, of a person performing platform work to establish that person’s identity by comparing that data to stored biometric data of natural persons in a database.

    • Treaty on the European Union

      Article 10

      4. Political parties at European level contribute to forming European political awareness and to expressing the will of citizens of the Union.

    • Directive (EU) 2022/2041 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 19 October 2022 on adequate minimum wages in the European Union

      [...]

      (3) Article 31 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (4) (the ‘Charter’) provides for the right of every worker to working conditions which respect his or her health, safety and dignity. Article 27 of the Charter provides for the right of workers to information and consultation. Article 28 of the Charter provides for the right of workers and employers, or their respective organisations, in accordance with Union law and national laws and practices, to negotiate and conclude collective agreements at the appropriate levels. Article 23 of the Charter provides for the right to equality between women and men in all areas, including employment, work and pay.

      [...]

    • Directive 2014/36/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 26 February 2014 on the conditions of entry and stay of third-country nationals for the purpose of employment as seasonal workers

      Preamble

      ‘(46) Third-country national seasonal workers should be granted equal treatment in respect of those branches of social security listed in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004 of the European Parliament and of the Council (13). This Directive does not harmonise the social security legislation of Member States and does not cover social assistance. It is limited to applying the principle of equal treatment in the field of social security to the persons falling within its scope. This Directive should not confer more rights than those already provided in existing Union legislation in the field of social security for third-country nationals who have cross-border interests between Member States.
      Due to the temporary nature of the stay of seasonal workers and without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 1231/2010 of the European Parliament and of the Council (14), Member States should be able to exclude family benefits and unemployment benefits from equal treatment between seasonal workers and their own nationals and should be able to limit the application of equal treatment in relation to education and vocational training, as well as tax benefits.
      This Directive does not provide for family reunification. Furthermore, this Directive does not grant rights in relation to situations which lie outside the scope of Union law such as, for example, situations where family members reside in a third country. That should not, however, affect the right of survivors who derive rights from the seasonal worker to receive survivor’s pensions when residing in a third country. This should be without prejudice to the non-discriminatory application by Member States of national law providing for de minimis rules on contributions to pension systems. Mechanisms should be in place in order to ensure effective social security coverage during the stay and the exporting of acquired rights of the seasonal workers, where applicable.
      (47) Union law does not limit the power of the Member States to organise their social security schemes. In the absence of harmonisation at Union level, it is for each Member State to lay down the conditions under which social security benefits are granted, as well as the amount of such benefits and the period for which they are granted. However, when exercising that power, Member States should comply with Union law.‘

      (52) This Directive respects the fundamental rights and observes the principles recognised by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union, in particular, Articles 7, 15(3), 17, 27, 28, 31 and 33(2) thereof, in accordance with Article 6 TEU

      Article 23 - Right to equal treatment

      ‘1. Seasonal workers shall be entitled to equal treatment with nationals of the host Member State at least with regard to:
      (a) terms of employment, including the minimum working age, and working conditions, including pay and dismissal, working hours, leave and holidays, as well as health and safety requirements at the workplace;
      (b) the right to strike and take industrial action, in accordance with the host Member State’s national law and practice, and freedom of association and affiliation and membership of an organisation representing workers or of any organisation whose members are engaged in a specific occupation, including the rights and benefits conferred by such organisations, including the right to negotiate and conclude collective agreements, without prejudice to the national provisions on public policy and public security;
      (c) back payments to be made by the employers, concerning any outstanding remuneration to the third-country national;
      (d) branches of social security, as defined in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004;
      (e) access to goods and services and the supply of goods and services made available to the public, except housing, without prejudice to the freedom of contract in accordance with Union and national law;
      (f) advice services on seasonal work afforded by employment offices;
      (g) education and vocational training;
      (h) recognition of diplomas, certificates and other professional qualifications in accordance with the relevant national procedures;
      (i) tax benefits, in so far as the seasonal worker is deemed to be resident for tax purposes in the Member State concerned.
      Seasonal workers moving to a third country, or the survivors of such seasonal workers residing in a third-country deriving rights from the seasonal worker, shall receive statutory pensions based on the seasonal worker’s previous employment and acquired in accordance with the legislation set out in Article 3 of Regulation (EC) No 883/2004, under the same conditions and at the same rates as the nationals of the Member States concerned when they move to a third country.
      2. Member States may restrict equal treatment:
      (i) under point (d) of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 by excluding family benefits and unemployment benefits, without prejudice to Regulation (EU) No 1231/2010;
      (ii) under point (g) of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 by limiting its application to education and vocational training which is directly linked to the specific employment activity and by excluding study and maintenance grants and loans or other grants and loans;
      (iii) under point (i) of the first subparagraph of paragraph 1 with respect to tax benefits by limiting its application to cases where the registered or usual place of residence of the family members of the seasonal worker for whom he/she claims benefits, lies in the territory of the Member State concerned.
      3. The right to equal treatment provided for in paragraph 1 shall be without prejudice to the right of the Member State to withdraw or to refuse to extend or renew the authorisation for the purpose of seasonal work in accordance with Articles 9 and 15.‘

    • Directive 2014/66/EU of the European Parliament and of the Council of 15 May 2014 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals in the framework of an intra-corporate transfer

      Article 18 – Right to equal treatment
      ‘2. Intra-corporate transferees shall enjoy equal treatment with nationals of the Member State where the work is carried out as regards:
      (a) freedom of association and affiliation and membership of an organisation representing workers or employers or of any organisation whose members are engaged in a specific occupation, including the rights and benefits conferred by such organisations, without prejudice to the national provisions on public policy and public security;‘

    • Regulation (EU, Euratom) No 1141/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 22 October 2014 on the statute and funding of European political parties and European political foundations

      Article 6 - Authority for European political parties and European political foundations
      ‘1. An Authority for European political parties and European political foundations (the 'Authority') is hereby established for the purpose of registering, controlling and imposing sanctions on European political parties and European political foundations in accordance with this Regulation.
      2. The Authority shall have legal personality. It shall be independent and shall exercise its functions in full compliance with this Regulation.
      The Authority shall decide on the registration and de-registration of European political parties and European political foundations in accordance with the procedures and conditions laid down in this Regulation. In addition, the Authority shall regularly verify that the registration conditions laid down in Article 3 and the governance provisions set out in accordance with points (a), (b) and (d) to (f) of Article 4(1) and in points (a) to (e) and (g) of Article 5(1) continue to be complied with by the registered European political parties and European political foundations.
      In its decisions, the Authority shall give full consideration to the fundamental right of freedom of association and to the need to ensure pluralism of political parties in Europe.
      The Authority shall be represented by its Director who shall take all decisions of the Authority on its behalf.‘

    4 results found

    • OSCE/Venice Comission Joint Guidelines on Freedom of Association

      ‘8. Freedom of association is a human right, crucial to the functioning of a democracy, as well ‘as an essential prerequisite for other fundamental freedoms.‘
      9. Furthermore, associations often play an important and positive role in achieving goals that are in the public interest, as has been recognized in international jurisprudence and in general comments and recommendations made by the UN treaty bodies, as well as in resolutions of the Human Rights Council and other international and regional documents.‘
      ‘16. The right to freedom of association is a right that has been recognized as capable of being enjoyed individually or by the association itself in the performance of activities and in pursuit of the common interests of its founders and members.‘
      ‘17. The right to freedom of association is interrelated with other human rights and freedoms, such as the rights to freedom of expression and opinion, freedom of assembly and freedom of thought, conscience and religion.‘

    • Recommendation CM/Rec(2016)3 on human rights and business

      ‘69. Member States should ensure that the activities of human rights defenders within their jurisdiction who focus on the adverse effects of business-related activities on human rights are not obstructed, for example through political pressure, harassment, politically motivated or economic compulsion. In particular, the fundamental rights enjoyed by human rights defenders in accordance with Articles 10 and 11 of the European Convention on Human Rights must be protected.‘
      ‘70. Member States should protect and also support, for example through their diplomatic and consular missions, the work of human rights defenders who focus on business-related impacts on human rights in third countries, in accordance with existing international and European standards.‘

    • UN Human Rights Council Resolution 31/37 (2016) - The promotion and protection of human rights in the context of peaceful protests

      ‘1. Calls upon all States to promote a safe and enabling environment for individuals and groups to exercise their rights to freedom of peacefulassembly, of expression and of association, recalls that all States have the responsibility in all circumstances, including in the context of peaceful protests, to promote, respect and protect human rights and to prevent human rightsviolations, including extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions, arbitrary arrest and detention, enforced disappearances, torture and other cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment, and sexual violence, and calls upon States to avoid the abuse of criminal and civil proceedings or threats ofsuch acts at all times;‘
      ‘2. underlines the necessity to address the management of assemblies, including peaceful protests, so as to contribute to their peaceful conduct, and to prevent loss of life of and injuries to protesters, bystanders, those monitoring such protests and officias exercising law enforcement duties, as well as any human rights violation or abuse, to ensure accountability for such violations and abuses and to provide victims with access to a remedy and redress [...].‘

    • UN Human Rights Council Resolution 32/32 (2016) - The rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association

      ‘Recognizing that the effective exercise of the rights to freedom of peaceful assembly and of association, as enshrined in the International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, is essential for the enjoyment of other human rights and freedoms and constitutes a fundamental pillar for building a democratic society and strengthening democracy, bearing in mind that all human rights are universal, indivisible, interdependent and interrelated‘