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Préambule
Titre I: Dignité
1 - Dignité humaine
2 - Droit à la vie
3 - Droit à l'intégrité de la personne
4 - Interdiction de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants
5 - Interdiction de l'esclavage et du travail forcé
Titre II: Libertés
6 - Droit à la liberté et à la sûreté
7 - Respect de la vie privée et familiale
8 - Protection des données à caractère personnel
9 - Droit de se marier et droit de fonder une famille
10 - Liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion
11 - Liberté d'expression et d'information
12 - Liberté de réunion et d'association
13 - Liberté des arts et des sciences
14 - Droit à l'éducation
15 - Liberté professionnelle et droit de travailler
16 - Liberté d'entreprise
17 - Droit de propriété
18 - Droit d'asile
19 - Protection en cas d'éloignement, d'expulsion et d'extradition
Titre III: Égalité
20 - Égalité en droit
21 - Non-discrimination
22 - Diversité culturelle, religieuse et linguistique
23 - Égalité entre femmes et hommes
24 - Droits de l'enfant
25 - Droits des personnes âgées
26 - Intégration des personnes handicapées
Titre IV: Solidarité
27 - Droit à l'information et à la consultation des travailleurs au sein de l'entreprise
28 - Droit de négociation et d'actions collectives
29 - Droit d'accès aux services de placement
30 - Protection en cas de licenciement injustifié
31 - Conditions de travail justes et équitables
32 - Interdiction du travail des enfants et protection des jeunes au travail
33 - Vie familiale et vie professionnelle
34 - Sécurité sociale et aide sociale
35 - Protection de la santé
36 - Accès aux services d'intérêt économique général
37 - Protection de l'environnement
38 - Protection des consommateurs
Titre V: Citoyenneté
39 - Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections au Parlement européen
40 - Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections municipales
41 - Droit à une bonne administration
42 - Droit d'accès aux documents
43 - Médiateur européen
44 - Droit de pétition
45 - Liberté de circulation et de séjour
46 - Protection diplomatique et consulaire
Titre VI: Justice
47 - Droit à un recours effectif et à accéder à un tribunal impartial
48 - Présomption d'innocence et droits de la défense
49 - Principes de légalité et de proportionnalité des délits et des peines
50 - Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni pénalement deux fois pour une même infraction
Titre VII: Dispositions générales
51 - Champ d'application
52 - Portée et interprétation des droits et des principes
53 - Niveau de protection
54 - Interdiction de l'abus de droit
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La Charte des droits fondamentaux de l’UE
Que sont les droits fondamentaux ?
What is the EU Charter of Fundamental Rights?
Préambule
Titre I: Dignité
1 -
Dignité humaine
2 -
Droit à la vie
3 -
Droit à l'intégrité de la personne
4 -
Interdiction de la torture et des peines ou traitements inhumains ou dégradants
5 -
Interdiction de l'esclavage et du travail forcé
Titre II: Libertés
6 -
Droit à la liberté et à la sûreté
7 -
Respect de la vie privée et familiale
8 -
Protection des données à caractère personnel
9 -
Droit de se marier et droit de fonder une famille
10 -
Liberté de pensée, de conscience et de religion
11 -
Liberté d'expression et d'information
12 -
Liberté de réunion et d'association
13 -
Liberté des arts et des sciences
14 -
Droit à l'éducation
15 -
Liberté professionnelle et droit de travailler
16 -
Liberté d'entreprise
17 -
Droit de propriété
18 -
Droit d'asile
19 -
Protection en cas d'éloignement, d'expulsion et d'extradition
Titre III: Égalité
20 -
Égalité en droit
21 -
Non-discrimination
22 -
Diversité culturelle, religieuse et linguistique
23 -
Égalité entre femmes et hommes
24 -
Droits de l'enfant
25 -
Droits des personnes âgées
26 -
Intégration des personnes handicapées
Titre IV: Solidarité
27 -
Droit à l'information et à la consultation des travailleurs au sein de l'entreprise
28 -
Droit de négociation et d'actions collectives
29 -
Droit d'accès aux services de placement
30 -
Protection en cas de licenciement injustifié
31 -
Conditions de travail justes et équitables
32 -
Interdiction du travail des enfants et protection des jeunes au travail
33 -
Vie familiale et vie professionnelle
34 -
Sécurité sociale et aide sociale
35 -
Protection de la santé
36 -
Accès aux services d'intérêt économique général
37 -
Protection de l'environnement
38 -
Protection des consommateurs
Titre V: Citoyenneté
39 -
Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections au Parlement européen
40 -
Droit de vote et d'éligibilité aux élections municipales
41 -
Droit à une bonne administration
42 -
Droit d'accès aux documents
43 -
Médiateur européen
44 -
Droit de pétition
45 -
Liberté de circulation et de séjour
46 -
Protection diplomatique et consulaire
Titre VI: Justice
47 -
Droit à un recours effectif et à accéder à un tribunal impartial
48 -
Présomption d'innocence et droits de la défense
49 -
Principes de légalité et de proportionnalité des délits et des peines
50 -
Droit à ne pas être jugé ou puni pénalement deux fois pour une même infraction
Titre VII: Dispositions générales
51 -
Champ d'application
52 -
Portée et interprétation des droits et des principes
53 -
Niveau de protection
54 -
Interdiction de l'abus de droit
Tools
Tools
EU Fundamental Rights Information System - EFRIS
Criminal detention database
Anti-Muslim hatred database
Case-law database
Charterpedia
FRA e-learning platform
Data visualisation
Equality data collection: promising practices
Fighting hate crime: promising practices
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Work On Rights
Asylum, migration and borders
Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders
30
juillet
2024
Guidance on investigating alleged ill-treatment at borders
Asylum, migration and borders
Fundamental rights violations on the EU’s land and sea borders often go unreported. Investigations into these violations need to be more effective. This report gathers examples of alleged rights violations of migrants and refugees between 2020 and 2023. It sets out 10 steps to promote prompt and effective national investigations into incidents of ill-treatment at borders.
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Key findings
Alleged ill-treatment at borders: Ten points to promote effective national investigations
Introduction
Structure and scope
Methodology
1. National investigations and EU law
2. Reporting incidents
3. Type of legal process
3.1. Disciplinary investigations
3.2. Criminal investigations
3.3. Human rights bodies
3.4. Frontex investigations
3.5. European Court of Human Rights
4. Ensuring effective investigations
4.1. Enabling victims to participate
4.2. Producing adequate evidence
4.2.1. Testimonies by victims and migrant witnesses
4.2.2. Statements of police, border guards and coastguards
4.2.3. Border surveillance records
4.2.4. Records of GPS location and communications by law enforcement
4.2.5. Expert reports
4.2.6 General information on patterns at borders
4.3. Due diligence during investigations
Conclusions
Annex: European Court of Human Rights cases
Acronyms
About this publication
Acronyms
AIDA
Asylum Information Database
CJEU
Court of Justice of the European Union
CNCDH
French National Consultative Commission on Human Rights (Commission nationale consultative des droits de l’homme)
CPT
European Committee for the Prevention of Torture and Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment
ECHR
European Convention on Human Rights
ECtHR
European Court of Human Rights
ENNHRI
European Network of National Human Rights Institutions
FRA
European Union Agency for Fundamental Rights
Frontex
European Border and Coast Guard Agency
GPS
global positioning system
OHCHR
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights
RSA
Refugee Support Aegean
UNHCR
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Annex: European Court of Human Rights cases
About this publication
Related
Fundamental Rights Report
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
5
juin
2024
Fundamental Rights Report 2024
FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2024 analyses the year’s developments in fundamental rights. It focuses on the most pressing fundamental rights concerns facing Europe in 2023: the cost-of-living crisis, rights concerns at the EU’s external borders and migration, and threats to democracy. Re-structured, this year’s new approach is a shorter and sharper analysis. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a summary of the evidence supporting these opinions.
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Download full report
Download opinions
Report / Paper / Summary
Racial and ethnic origin
Unlawful profiling
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
10
avril
2024
Addressing Racism in Policing
Racism in the police can include discriminatory racial profiling practices through to excessive use of force. Incidents like these highlight deeper systemic issues that need addressing. Many in society are affected by racism in policing, not only the individuals or communities targeted. Lack of trust in policing can fuel social exclusion and damages the foundations of a fair and equal society, however promising practices are developing to address these issues. This is the first EU-wide report on racism in policing. FRA’s findings identify gaps in regulatory frameworks and propose concrete steps for action.
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Report / Paper / Summary
Racial and ethnic origin
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Hate crime
25
octobre
2023
Being Black in the EU – Experiences of people of African descent
FRA's first Being Black in the EU report exposed widespread and entrenched racism against people of African descent in Europe. Now updated with new data, this report revisits the situation revealing persistent racial discrimination, harassment and violence. Overall, experiences of racial discrimination increased in the EU countries since 2016, reaching as high as 77%. The lack of progress is alarming despite binding anti-discrimination law in the EU since 2000 and significant EU policy developments since then.
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Periodic updates / Series
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
18
octobre
2023
Protecting civil society – Update 2023
Civil society organisations struggle to maintain an environment safe from threats and attacks. FRA’s sixth annual update on civic space explores the challenges for organisations across the EU. While there has been significant development since FRA began monitoring the situation in 2018, civil society organisations remain under immense pressure. Abusive lawsuits and attacks against those involved in migrant search and rescue at sea are just some of the challenges identified. This report presents ways forward to protect civil society and human rights.
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© European Border and Coast Guard Agency (Frontex), 2023
Report / Paper / Summary
Asylum, migration and borders
6
juillet
2023
Preventing and responding to deaths at sea: what the European Union can do
Following yet another recent tragic shipwreck and loss of life in the Mediterranean, this short report sets out examples of actions the EU could take to meet its obligations to protect the right to life and prevent more deaths at sea. As part of the work that the EU Agency for Fundamental Rights (FRA) does on upholding fundamental rights in asylum and return procedures, this report calls for better protection for shipwreck survivors, and prompt and independent investigations. It sets out measures that EU Member States should take to improve search and rescue efforts and provide legal pathways to safety to prevent deaths at sea.
Read news item
Fundamental Rights Report
Support for human rights systems and defenders
Asylum, migration and borders
Data protection, privacy and new technologies
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
8
juin
2023
Fundamental Rights Report 2023
FRA’s Fundamental Rights Report 2023 reviews major developments in the field in 2022, identifying both achievements and areas of concern. It also presents FRA’s opinions on these developments, including a synopsis of the evidence supporting these opinions.
Read press release
Download full report
Download opinions
Dzmitry © adobestock.com, 2023
Periodic updates / Series
Access to asylum
Asylum, migration and borders
30
mai
2023
Asylum and migration: Progress achieved and remaining challenges
Over the span of nearly eight years, there have been developments in showing respect for the human rights of those who arrive at the EU’s borders. Russia’s war of aggression against Ukraine has shown how a large and sudden influx of people can be managed effectively and respectfully. Notwithstanding the improvements, the growing number of people crossing or attempting to enter the EU pose a wide range of fundamental rights challenges.
In this bulletin, FRA takes stock of concerns and improvements regarding the fundamental rights of migrants, asylum seekers and refugees. It highlights the EU Member States’ legal and practical responses. It identifies key trends, promising practices, long-standing and emerging patterns, and persistent concerns.
Access all migration updates
Read news item
Report / Paper / Summary
Civil society
Support for human rights systems and defenders
19
juillet
2022
Europe's civil society: still under pressure - 2022 update
Civil society is a key component of Europe’s fundamental rights architecture. From supporting people affected by the pandemic to helping those fleeing the war in Ukraine, civil society plays a crucial role in upholding people’s rights. In so doing, it contributes to a healthy rule of law culture. FRA’s civic space report provides an overview of the many ways in which civil society contributes to the checks and balances that underpin the rule of law.
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Report / Paper / Summary
Borders and information systems
Asylum, migration and borders
9
juillet
2021
European standards on legal remedies, complaints mechanisms and effective investigations at borders
This note sets out human rights standards stemming from both the European Convention on Human Rights and European Union (EU) law that apply to effective remedies for human rights violations at borders, together with those on complaints mechanisms and investigations into complaints of rights violations at borders.
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Kirill Gorlov © adobestock.com, 2021
Report / Paper / Summary
Hate crime
Equality, non-discrimination and racism
7
juillet
2021
Italian version now available
12 September 2022
Encouraging hate crime reporting - The role of law enforcement and other authorities
This report examines why victims do not report bias-motivated incidents and the barriers that they face when reporting incidents through national crime reporting systems. By mapping existing practices that have a bearing on the victim’s experiences when reporting bias-motivated violence and harassment, it aims to provide evidence to support national efforts to encourage and facilitate reporting – and ultimately assist Member States in delivering on their duties with regard to combating hate crime.
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Browse the compendium on hate crime practices
Read press release
yupachingping © stock.adobe.com
Report / Paper / Summary
Victims’ rights
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
19
Février
2021
Crime, safety and victims' rights – Fundamental Rights Survey
This is the second main report from FRA’s Fundamental Rights Survey, which collected data from 35,000 people on a range of issues. This report focuses on respondents’ experiences as victims of selected types of crime, including violence, harassment, and property crime. The report also examines how often these crimes are reported to the police, and presents further details relating to harassment and violence, such as the perpetrators and where the incidents took place.
Access the data explorer
Download all survey reports
Watch videos
Read press release
freshidea © adobestock.com, 2020
Report / Paper / Summary
National human rights systems and bodies
Support for human rights systems and defenders
3
septembre
2020
Summary version now available
21 January 2021
Strong and effective national human rights institutions – challenges, promising practices and opportunities
National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) are a vital part of the country-level human rights protection system. This report, published 10 years after FRA’s first in-depth study on NHRIs, looks at such bodies in the EU, as well as the Republic of North Macedonia, the Republic of Serbia, and the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. It explores relevant developments, challenges to their effectiveness and ways to maximise their impact.
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Report / Paper / Summary
Victims’ rights
Justice, victims’ rights and judicial cooperation
25
avril
2019
Victims' rights as standards of criminal justice – Justice for victims of violent crime, Part I
Victims of violent crime have various rights, including to protection and to access justice. But how are these rights playing out in practice? Are victims of violent crime properly seen, informed, empowered and heard? Do they tend to feel that justice has been done? Our four-part report series takes a closer look at these questions, based on interviews with victims, people working for victim support organisations, police officers, attorneys, prosecutors and judges.